Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Fracture Behavior of Branch Staggered Laminated Biomimetic Composites under Impact Loading
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摘要: 通过三点弯动态冲击实验和数值模拟方法，研究了分支交错层状仿生复合材料的动态断裂韧性。首先设计并制备了分支交错层状仿贝壳复合材料试样，即将一种脆性刚性材料和一种橡胶类材料分别作为复合材料的硬质层和软胶层；随后采用改进的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置进行了三点弯冲击实验；接着讨论了初始冲击速度、硬质材料长宽比、软质材料层厚度对复合材料试样动态断裂行为的影响；最后采用ABAQUS有限元数值模拟，研究了不同宽度和不同冲击方向对复合材料试样动态断裂韧性和裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明：随着冲击速度和硬质材料长宽比增加、软胶层厚度减小，裂纹越倾向于沿直线扩展，反之，裂纹越倾向于绕过硬质材料沿着软胶层呈折线扩展；试样的峰值动载荷和起裂时间也随之增大。有限元模拟结果表明：随着结构总宽度的增大，试样断裂韧性增加，裂纹倾向于绕过硬质材料沿着软胶层扩展；采用实验设计的冲击方向时，试样的断裂韧性高于其他方向。Abstract: The dynamic fracture toughness of branch staggered laminated biomimetic composites was studied by three-point bending dynamic impact experiments and numerical simulations. Firstly, the branched staggered laminated shell-like composite specimens were designed and prepared. A brittle rigid material and a rubber material were selected as the hard and soft phases of the composite, respectively. Next, the three-point bending impact experiments were carried out by the improved split Hopkinson bar device, then the effects of initial impact velocity, hard material aspect ratio and soft material layer thickness on the dynamic fracture behavior of composite specimens were discussed. Finally, the effects of different widths and impact directions on the dynamic fracture toughness and crack propagation of composite specimens were studied by numerical simulation using finite element software ABAQUS. The experimental results show that with the increase of the impact velocity and the ratio of length to width of hard material, the thickness of the soft rubber layer decreases, the crack tends to propagate along a straight line, and vice versa. With the increase of the impact velocity, the peak dynamic load and initiation time of the specimen also increase. The finite element simulation results show that the fracture toughness of the specimen increases with the increase of the width, and the crack tends to bypass the hard material and propagate along the soft rubber layer; using the impact direction designed by the experiment, the fracture toughness of the sample is higher than that in other directions.
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图 2 分离式Hopkinson压杆动态三点弯冲击装置
Figure 2. Dynamic three-point bending impact device of split Hopkinson pressure bar
1. Strain gauge; 2. Sample; 3. Incident bar; 4. Laser velocity measurement; 5. Cylinder.
图 6 不同冲击速度下T = 0.16 mm、
$ {\lambda}$ = 1时试样的裂纹扩展Figure 6. Crack propagation at T = 0.16 mm and
$ {\lambda}$ = 1 under different impact velocities
图 7 T = 0.24 mm、
$ {\lambda}$ = 1时试样在不同冲击速度下的动载荷-位移曲线Figure 7. Dynamic load-displacement curves of specimen with T = 0.24 mm,
$ {\lambda}$ = 1 under different impact velocities
图 8 T = 0.24 mm、
${\lambda}$ = 1时试样在不同冲击速度下的起裂功和起裂时间Figure 8. Crack initiation work and initiation time of sepcimen with T = 0.24 mm,
${\lambda}$ = 1 under different impact velocities
图 9 T = 0.28 mm、
${\lambda}$ = 2时试样在不同冲击速度下的动载荷-位移曲线Figure 9. Dynamic load-displacement curves of specimen with T = 0.28 mm,
${\lambda}$ = 2 under different impact velocities
图 10 T = 0.28 mm、
${\lambda}$ = 2时试样在不同冲击速度下起裂功和起裂时间的关系Figure 10. Crack initiation work and crack initiation time of specimen with T = 0.28 mm,
${\lambda}$ = 2 under different impact velocities
图 11 T = 0.16 mm时试样在14.00 m/s冲击速度下的裂纹扩展
Figure 11. Crack propagation of T = 0.16 mm specimen under 14.00 m/s impact velocity
图 12 T = 0.16 mm时不同长宽比试样在相同冲击速度下的动载荷-位移曲线
Figure 12. Dynamic load-displacement curves of specimens with T = 0.16 mm and different aspect ratios under the same impact velocity
图 13 T = 0.24 mm时不同长宽比试样在相同冲击速度下的动载荷-位移曲线
Figure 13. Dynamic load-displacement curves of specimens with T = 0.16 mm and different aspect ratios under the same impact velocity
图 15 T = 0.32 mm时不同长宽比试样在相同冲击速度下的动载荷-位移曲线
Figure 15. Dynamic load-displacement curves of specimens with T = 0.32 mm and different aspect ratios under the same impact velocity
图 14 T = 0.28 mm时不同长宽比试样在相同冲击速度下的动载荷-位移曲线
Figure 14. Dynamic load-displacement curves of specimens with T = 0.28 mm and different aspect ratios under the same impact velocity
图 16 具有不同长宽比试样的起裂时间
Figure 16. Crack initiation time of samples with different aspect ratios
图 17 具有不同长宽比试样的起裂功
Figure 17. Crack initiation work of specimens with different aspect ratios
图 18 14.00 m/s冲击速度下
${\lambda}$ = 2试样的裂纹扩展：(a) T =0.16 mm，(b) T =0.20 mm，(c) T =0.24 mm，(d) T =0.28 mmFigure 18. Crack propagation of specimen with
${\lambda}$ = 2 under 14.00 m/s impact velocity: (a) T =0.16 mm, (b) T =0.20 mm, (c) T =0.24 mm, (d) T =0.28 mm
图 19 相同冲击速度下
${\lambda}$ = 1时不同软胶层厚度试样的动载荷-位移曲线Figure 19. Dynamic load-displacement curve of specimens with
${\lambda}$ = 1 and different thicknesses of soft rubber layer under the same impact velocity
图 20 相同冲击速度下
${\lambda}$ = 1时不同软胶层厚度试样的起裂功和起裂时间Figure 20. Crack initiation work and time of specimens with
${\lambda}$ = 1 and different thicknesses of soft rubber layer under the same impact velocity
图 21 相同冲击速度下
${\lambda}$ = 2时不同软胶层厚度试样的动载荷-位移曲线Figure 21. Dynamic load-displacement curve of specimens with
${\lambda}$ = 2 and different thicknesses of soft rubber layer at the same impact velocity
图 22 相同冲击速度下
${\lambda}$ = 2时不同软胶层厚度试样的起裂功和起裂时间Figure 22. Crack initiation work and time of specimens with
${\lambda}$ = 2 and different thicknesses of soft rubber layer at the same impact velocity
图 24
${\lambda}$ = 1、T = 0.16 mm时试样的动载荷-位移曲线的实验与数值模拟结果对比Figure 24. Comparison between dynamic load-displacement experiment and numerical simulation of the specimen with
${\lambda}$ = 1, T = 0.16 mm
图 25
${\lambda}$ = 1、T = 0.20 mm时试样的动载荷-位移曲线的实验与数值模拟结果对比Figure 25. Comparison between dynamic load-displacement experiment and numerical simulation of the specimen with
${\lambda}$ = 1, T = 0.20 mm
图 26 不同总宽度试样的动载荷-位移曲线
Figure 26. Dynamic load-displacement curves of specimens with different total widths
图 27 不同总宽度试样的裂纹起裂时间和损伤耗散能量
Figure 27. Crack initiation time and damage dissipation energy of specimens with different total widths
图 28 3种不同总宽度试样的裂纹扩展形式
Figure 28. Three crack propagation forms of specimens with different total widths
图 30 不同冲击方向试样的动载荷-位移曲线
Figure 30. Dynamic load-displacement curves of specimens in different impact directions
图 31 不同冲击方向下裂纹起裂时间和损伤耗散能量
Figure 31. Crack initiation time and damage dissipation energy in different impact directions
表 1 动态实验测试的参数值
Table 1. Parameters of the dynamic experimental tests
A/mm2 E/GPa ${\,\rho }$/(kg·m−3) C0/(m·s−1) C1/(m·s−1) 19.6 200 7800 5603.7 1595.8 
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