Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions in δ-(Al,Fe)OOH
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摘要: δ-(Al,Fe)OOH被认为是将水输运到地球核幔边界的可能载体，厘清其在高压下的结构相变与物理性质对于理解深部水循环具有重要意义。利用金刚石压腔和同步辐射X射线衍射，研究了δ-Fe0.08Al0.92OOH（δ-Fe8）的压缩行为。压力-晶胞体积（p-V）曲线表明：δ-Fe8在0～78 GPa经历了氢原子的有序–无序转变和铁的自旋转变。其中氢原子有序–无序转变发生在约9.7 GPa，p-V曲线在相变点出现轻微转折，且轴比a/c和b/c对压力的斜率在相变前后发生反转，空间群由P21nm变为Pnnm。铁自旋转变发生在31.5～39.5 GPa，伴随着约2%的晶胞体积塌缩，属于等结构相变。采用Birch-Murnaghan状态方程分段拟合了p-V曲线，得到了各个结构的状态方程参数。用铁高自旋态和低自旋态理想固溶体模型分析了自旋转变区域的p-V数据，拟合得到低自旋分数随压力变化的关系式。计算结果表明，体弹模量和体波速在自旋转变区域会出现软化行为，说明地球内部富集一定数量的δ-Fe8可能造成中下地幔局部体波低速异常。结合前人研究，给出了δ-(Al,Fe)OOH体系的相变压力与铁含量的线性关系式。
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关键词:
- 高压 /
- X射线衍射 /
- $\delta $-(Al,Fe)OOH /
- 相变 /
- 自旋转变
Abstract: δ-(Al,Fe)OOH is regarded as a potential water carrier to core-mantle conditions, thus its high pressure structural behavior is important for understanding water circulation in the Earth’s interior. In this study, the compression behaviour of 8 mol.% Fe-bearing δ phase (δ-Fe8) is investigated using diamond anvil cell combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The obtained pressure-volume (p-V) data show that δ-Fe8 experiences phase transitions from order to disorder of hydrogen and high spin to low spin of iron in the pressure range from ambient pressure to 78 GPa. The order to disorder transition of hydrogen takes place at 9.7 GPa characterized by the subtle kinks in the p-V profiles and the inversion of pressure dependence of a/c and b/c axial ratios, which accompany with a change in the crystallographic symmetry from P21nm to Pnnm. The isostructural iron spin crossover occurs between 31.5 and 39.5 GPa accompanied by 2% volume collapse. The compressional parameters are derived from fitting of p-V data using Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The mixed-spin state of δ-Fe8 within the spin crossover region is treated as an ideal solid solution of the high spin and low spin state, then the fraction of low spin state is obtained by fitting experimental data. The calculated bulk moduli and bulk sound velocity soften across spin crossover, indicating that an accumulation of δ-Fe8 in middle part of lower mantle possibly leads to low bulk velocity anomalies. The linear relations between ferric content and structural transition pressure in δ-(Al,Fe)OOH are given with the combination of this study and previous results.-
Key words:
- high pressure /
- X-ray diffraction /
- $\delta $-(Al,Fe)OOH /
- phase transition /
- spin crossover
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图 1
$\delta $ 相的晶体结构：(a)非对称氢键P21nm相，(b)氢原子无序Pnnm相，(c)对称氢键Pnnm相（大半径银色球、中等半径红色球和小半径白色球分别为Al、O和H原子）Figure 1. Crystal structures of
$\delta $ phase: (a) P21nm phase with asymmetric hydrogen bonds, (b) disordered Pnnm phase, (c) Pnnm phase with symmetric hydrogen bonds (Large silver, medium red and small white spheres represent Al, O and H atoms, respectively.)
图 2
$\delta $ -Fe8的常温常压拉曼光谱（竖线标识拉曼峰的频率，2000～3500 cm−1之间的宽拉曼峰与OH伸缩振动有关）Figure 2. Raman spectrum of
$\delta $ -Fe8 at ambient conditions (The vertical lines denote the measured shifts of each mode, and the broad bands between 2000 and 3500 cm−1 are related to OH vibration.)
图 3 2.5、36.2和78.4 GPa下
$\delta $ -Fe8的代表性一维XRD积分图谱（衍射峰标记了对应的米勒指数(hkl)）Figure 3. Integrated XRD patterns of
$\delta $ -Fe8 of the collected raw XRD data at 2.5, 36.2 and 78.4 GPa (Indexed diffraction peaks are labeled with (hkl).)
图 4
$\delta $ -Fe8的晶胞体积随压力的变化关系（黑色圆点为实验数据。实线是基于Birch-Murnaghan状态方程的分段拟合结果：绿色线条代表铁高自旋P21nm相，压力范围为常压至10 GPa；蓝色线条代表铁高自旋氢原子无序和对称氢键Pnnm相，压力范围为10～28 GPa；红色线条代表铁低自旋对称氢键Pnnm相，压力范围为45～78 GPa；紫色虚线是用Birch-Murnaghan状态方程和Wentzcovitch等的理论拟合结果，压力范围为10～78 GPa。黑色虚线标记相边界，压力分别为9.7、31.5和39.5 GPa。）Figure 4. Unit-cell volume of
$\delta $ -Fe8 as function of pressure (Black circles are experimental data. Solid lines are fitting results using Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (B-M EOS) from ambient pressure to 10 GPa (green line, high spin P21nm phase), and from 10 GPa to 28 GPa (blue line, high-spin disordered and symmetric hydrogen-bond Pnnm phase), and from 45 GPa to 78 GPa (red line, low spin and symmetric hydrogen-bond Pnnm phase). The dash purple line represents modeled results using B-M EOS and Wentzcovitch’s theory from 10 GPa to 78 GPa. The vertical dash black lines mark phase boundaries (9.7, 31.5 and 39.5 GPa).)
图 5
$\delta $ -Fe8归一化晶格常数随压力的变化关系Figure 5. Normalized lattice constants of
$\delta $ -Fe8 as function of pressure
图 6
$\delta $ -Fe8的轴比a/c和b/c随压力的变化关系（实心圆点为实验数据，黑色线条为示意曲线）Figure 6. Axial ratios a/c and b/c of
$\delta $ -Fe8 as function of pressure (Solid circles are experimental data, and the black line is guide to eye.)
图 7
$\delta $ -Fe8中三价铁的低自旋态分数随压力的变化关系（实心圆点为计算结果，黑色线条为示意曲线）Figure 7. Low-spin fraction of Fe3+ in
$\delta $ -Fe8 as function of pressure (Solid circles are modeled results, and the black line is guide to eye.)
图 8
$\delta $ -Fe8的密度$\;\rho $ 、体弹模量KT和体波速$v_\varPhi $ 随压力的变化关系Figure 8. Density (
$\,\rho $ ), bulk moduli (KT) and bulk sound velocity ($v_\varPhi $ ) as functions of pressure for$\delta $ -Fe8
图 9
$\delta $ -Fe8和典型下地幔矿物在高压下的体波速$v_\varPhi $ （Brd：布里奇曼石；Ca-Pv：CaSiO3钙钛矿；NAL：新六方富铝相；Fp：Mg0.83Fe0.17O铁方镁石；St：斯石英）Figure 9. Bulk sound velocity (
$v_\varPhi $ ) of$\delta $ -Fe8 and other typical lower mantle minerals at high pressure (Brd: bridgmanite; Ca-Pv: CaSiO3 perovskite; NAL: new hexagonal aluminous phase; Fp: ferropericlase (Mg0.83Fe0.17O); St: stishovite)
图 10
$\delta $ -(Al,Fe)OOH中有序不对称氢键P21nm结构到无序对称氢键Pnnm结构的相转变压力与铁含量的关系(a)和三价铁自旋态转变压力与铁含量的关系(b)Figure 10. Transition pressures of (a) ordered P21nm phase with asymmetric hydrogen bonds to disordered Pnnm phase with symmetric hydrogen bonds and (b) high-low spin of Fe (Ⅲ) as a function of FeOOH content in
$\delta $ -(Al,Fe)OOH表 1 δ-Fe8在不同压力下的晶格常数
Table 1. Lattice parameters for δ-Fe8 at high pressures
Pressure/GPa a/Å b/Å c/Å V/Å3 Pressure/GPa a/Å b/Å c/Å V/Å3 Ambient 4.7484(1) 4.2447(3) 2.8450(1) 57.34(2) 36.2(2) 4.4993(2) 4.0049(6) 2.7034(3) 48.71(3) 2.5(1) 4.7007(1) 4.2097(3) 2.8315(1) 56.03(2) 37.7(2) 4.4896(2) 3.9984(6) 2.6988(3) 48.45(3) 4.5(1) 4.6900(1) 4.1905(3) 2.8284(1) 55.59(2) 39.1(2) 4.4806(2) 3.9924(5) 2.6957(3) 48.22(3) 7.6(1) 4.6525(1) 4.1566(3) 2.8081(1) 54.30(2) 41.3(2) 4.4725(2) 3.9845(5) 2.6904(3) 47.94(3) 13.2(1) 4.6113(1) 4.1212(3) 2.7845(1) 52.92(2) 43.5(2) 4.4581(3) 3.9776(5) 2.6862(3) 47.63(3) 15.8(1) 4.6040(1) 4.1084(2) 2.7749(1) 52.49(2) 45.6(2) 4.4636(3) 3.9699(5) 2.6798(7) 47.49(3) 16.2(1) 4.6052(1) 4.1055(2) 2.7741(1) 52.45(2) 47.6(3) 4.4529(3) 3.9635(5) 2.6762(7) 47.23(3) 17.7(1) 4.5940(1) 4.0954(2) 2.7678(2) 52.07(2) 49.9(3) 4.4444(3) 3.9562(5) 2.6703(7) 46.95(5) 19.9(1) 4.5902(1) 4.0850(2) 2.7571(2) 51.70(2) 52.7(3) 4.4408(5) 3.9480(5) 2.6632(7) 46.69(5) 22.3(1) 4.5820(1) 4.0712(2) 2.7466(2) 51.24(2) 56.3(3) 4.4135(5) 3.9416(6) 2.6596(7) 46.27(5) 25.8(2) 4.5727(1) 4.0561(2) 2.7352(4) 50.73(2) 58.3(3) 4.4170(8) 3.9314(6) 2.6502(7) 46.02(5) 27.4(2) 4.5695(1) 4.0487(2) 2.7312(2) 50.53(2) 61.2(3) 4.4079(8) 3.9278(6) 2.6461(7) 45.81(5) 27.7(2) 4.5674(3) 4.0488(2) 2.7298(2) 50.48(3) 64.7(3) 4.3943(8) 3.9186(6) 2.6413(7) 45.48(5) 29.1(2) 4.5628(3) 4.0409(2) 2.7255(3) 50.25(3) 67.5(3) 4.3865(8) 3.9094(6) 2.6345(7) 45.18(5) 30.4(2) 4.5475(3) 4.0341(2) 2.7226(2) 49.95(3) 70.5(3) 4.3924(8) 3.9014(6) 2.6269(8) 45.02(5) 31.8(2) 4.5422(3) 4.0286(2) 2.7173(2) 49.72(3) 74.4(3) 4.3791(8) 3.8915(6) 2.6206(8) 44.66(5) 33.6(2) 4.5336(3) 4.0194(2) 2.7119(2) 49.42(3) 78.0(3) 4.3667(8) 3.8827(6) 2.6126(8) 44.30(5) 34.8(2) 4.5103(3) 4.0120(6) 2.7089(3) 49.02(3) 78.4(3) 4.3597(8) 3.8793(6) 2.6081(8) 44.11(5) 
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