陶瓷球金属复合结构的抗弹性能和梯度设计

陈铭; 张永亮; 郑航; 赵凯; 郑志军

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20210739

陶瓷球金属复合结构的抗弹性能和梯度设计

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210739

中国科学技术大学近代力学系中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室，安徽合肥　230026

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（WK2090000019）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈　铭（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事陶瓷装甲防护研究. E-mail：chenm182@mail.ustc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张永亮（1987－），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail：ylz2018@ustc.edu.cn

郑志军（1979－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail：zjzheng@ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
计量
- 文章访问数: 2579
- HTML全文浏览量: 880
- PDF下载量: 63
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-09
- 修回日期: 2021-03-23

Ballistic Performance Analysis and Gradient Optimization Design of Ceramic Ball and Metal Composite Armor

CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 陶瓷是具有轻质高强特性的常用抗弹材料，但其本身的脆性特点使得陶瓷利用率较低，局部的击穿往往导致整块陶瓷破碎。为了提高陶瓷的利用率，提出了一种分层梯度陶瓷球金属复合结构，并通过数值模拟研究了陶瓷球尺寸及着弹点的影响。从子弹和靶板的变形、弹速变化和塑性波传播等角度分析了陶瓷球金属复合结构的抗弹机理，并对结构进行了梯度优化设计。研究结果表明，直径为7.2 mm的陶瓷球结构的综合抗弹性能良好，在此基础上设计的梯度陶瓷球结构能进一步提升抗弹性。陶瓷球金属复合靶板呈局部破坏，靶板其他位置仍具有抗打击能力。
- 弹体侵彻 /
- 优化设计 /
- 梯度陶瓷球结构
Abstract: Ceramics is commonly used as ballistic resistant material due to lightweight and high strength properties. However, due to its brittleness, the use efficiency of ceramics is low, and local breakdown often leads to the breakage of the whole ceramic. In order to improve the use efficiency of ceramics, a composite structure of layered gradient ceramic ball and aluminum was presented in this study, and the influences of ceramic ball size and hitting position were studied with numerical simulation method. The anti-ballistic mechanism of ceramic ball-metal composite structures was analyzed from the deformation of bullet and target plate, the change of bullet velocity and the plastic wave propagation, and then the optimization design of anti-ballistic structure was proposed. The results show that the ceramic ball with a diameter of 7.2 mm has an excellent property of anti-ballistic capability. The layered gradient ceramic ball structure designed can further improve the anti-ballistic capability. The ceramic ball-metal composite target plate is damaged locally, and the other parts of the target still have the anti-ballistic capability.
- projectile penetration /
- optimization design /
- gradient ceramic ball structure

HTML全文

图 1 弹体侵彻模型（单位：mm）^[7]

Figure 1. Projectile penetration model (Unit: mm)^[7]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 密排堆积结构的力传递特点

Figure 2. Force transmission characteristics of a close-packed structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同尺寸陶瓷球的均布结构

Figure 3. Uniform distribution structures of ceramic balls with different sizes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 梯度陶瓷球结构

Figure 4. Graded distribution structures of ceramic balls

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 (a) 弹体侵彻模型和(b) 12.7mm穿燃弹侵彻陶瓷/铝半无限靶损伤演化过程

Figure 5. (a) Projectile penetration model and (b) damage evolution of a 12.7 mm armor-piercing explosive incendiary bullet penetrating into a semi-finite ceramic/aluminum composite target

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同着弹点示意图

Figure 6. Schematic of different penetration locations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 弹体侵彻过程中的速度历史曲线

Figure 7. Velocity histories during projectile penetration

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 弹体在位置1处侵彻时各类复合靶板的变形过程

Figure 8. Deformation processes of various composite target plates at Position 1

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 弹体侵彻结构A时不同位置的速度历史曲线

Figure 9. Velocity histories during the bullet penetrating into structure A at different hitting positions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 弹体在位置3处侵彻时结构A的变形过程

Figure 10. Deformation process during the bullet penetrating into structure A at Position 3

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 弹体侵彻位置3处各类结构的侵深

Figure 11. Penetration depth of various structures at Position 3

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 弹体侵彻梯度结构的速度历史曲线

Figure 12. Bullet velocity histories for the gradient structures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 各类梯度陶瓷球结构的侵彻变形

Figure 13. Deformation of various gradient ceramic ball structures under impact

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 梯度G结构的塑性区域变化

Figure 14. Variations of plastic region of gradient structure G

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 不同着弹点结构B与结构G的侵深

Figure 15. Penetration depth of structure B and structure G at different positions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 碳化硼陶瓷的JH-2模型参数^[10]

Table 1. Parameters in JH-2 model for boron carbide ceramics^[10]

$\;\rho$ /(kg·m⁻³)	G/GPa	a	b	c	m	n	σ_HEL/GPa	d₁	d₂	K₁	K₂	K₃
2510	197	0.927	0.7	0.005	0.85	0.67	19	0.001	0.5	233	−593	2800

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 金属的Johnson-Cook模型参数^[12-14]

Table 2. Parameters in the Johnson-Cook model for metal^[12-14]

Material	$\;\rho$ /(kg·m⁻³)	G/GPa	A/MPa	B/MPa	N	C	M	T_m/K	C_p/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)
Steel (bullet)	7850	77.5	1540	477	0.16	0	1	1793	470
Aluminum	2780	28	330	445	0.73	0	1.7	775	880

Material	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	C₂	a₂	S₁
Steel (bullet)	1.5	0	0	0	0	4569	0.46	1.33
Aluminum	0.112	0.123	1.5	0.007	0	3173	0.46	1.49

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同着弹点下各类复合靶板的侵彻结果

Table 3. Penetration results of various composite target plates at different penetration positions

Structure	Penetration results
Structure	Position 1	Position 2	Position 3
A	Nonpenetrating Penetration depth: 14.6 mm	Penetrating Residual velocity: 28.0 m/s	Penetrating Residual velocity: 105.0 m/s
B	Nonpenetrating Penetration depth: 15.6 mm	Nonpenetrating Penetration depth: 17.7 mm	Nonpenetrating Penetration depth: 22.9 mm
C	Nonpenetrating Penetration depth: 19.4 mm	Nonpenetrating Penetration depth: 20.4 mm	Penetrating Residual velocity: 71.0 m/s
D	Nonpenetrating Penetration depth: 23.1 mm	Penetrating Residual velocity: 37.0 m/s	Penetrating Residual velocity: 111.0 m/s

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(15)

[1]	MEDVEDOVSKI E. Ballistic performance of armour ceramics: influence of design and structure (Part 2) [J]. Ceramics International, 2010, 36(7): 2117–2127. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.05.022
[2]	GOOCH W A. An overview of ceramic armor applications [C]//International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glasses PAC RIM Ⅳ. Maui, Hawaii, 2002.
[3]	刘永强, 王进华, 吕娟, 等. 陶瓷球尺寸对金属基陶瓷球复合材料抗弹性能影响研究 [J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2018, 41(2): 80–84. doi: 10.14024/j.cnki.1004-244x.20180307.001 LIU Y Q, WANG J H, LÜ J, et al. Influence of ceramic ball size on ballistic performance of metal matrix ceramic ball composite [J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2018, 41(2): 80–84. doi: 10.14024/j.cnki.1004-244x.20180307.001
[4]	陈兴, 杨城笑, 严彪. 金属基陶瓷颗粒增强复合材料的制备方法 [J]. 上海有色金属, 2008, 29(1): 27–31. doi: 10.13258/j.cnki.snm.2008.01.002 CHEN X, YANG C X, YAN B. Preparation of composite reinforced with metal matrix ceramic particles [J]. Nonferrous Metal Materials and Engineering, 2008, 29(1): 27–31. doi: 10.13258/j.cnki.snm.2008.01.002
[5]	LIU J, WU C Q, LI J, et al. Ceramic balls protected ultra-high performance concrete structure against projectile impact: a numerical study [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2019, 125: 143–162. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.11.006
[6]	SHAO R, WU C, SU Y, et al. Experimental and numerical investigations of penetration resistance of ultra-high strength concrete protected with ceramic balls subjected to projectile impact [J]. Ceramics International, 2019, 36(4): 588–596. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.01.110
[7]	满蓬. 氧化铝基陶瓷复合装甲面板与背板的配置效应研究 [D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2012: 27−28. MAN P. Study on the effect of configuration on front plate and back plate of ceramic composite armor based on Al₂O₃[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 2012: 27−28.
[8]	李聪. 刚玉球/铝合金复合材料的制备及其抗弹性能研究 [D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2008: 51−53. LI C. Studies on fabrication process and ballistic-resistance of corundum balls/aluminum alloy composites [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008: 51−53.
[9]	JOHNSON G R, HOLMQUIST T J. An improved computational constitutive model for brittle materials [J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1994, 309(1): 981–984. doi: 10.1063/1.46199
[10]	CRONIN D S, BUI K, KAUFMANN C, et al. Implementation and validation of the Johnson-Holmquist ceramic material model in LS-DYNA [C]//4th European LS-DYNA Users Conference. Ulm, Germany, 2003: 47−60.
[11]	JOHNSON G R, COOK W H. Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures and pressures [J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1985, 21(1): 31–48. doi: 10.1016/0013-7944(85)90052-9
[12]	侯二永. 陶瓷间隙靶抗12.7 mm穿甲燃烧弹机理及性能研究 [D]. 长沙: 国防科学技术大学, 2008: 13−17. HOU E Y. Investigation of mechanism and performance of spaced ceramic target under impact of 12.7 mm armor piercing projectile [D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2008: 13−17.
[13]	曹杰, 葛建立, 王浩, 等. 蜂窝铝冲击波形数值计算及分析 [J]. 弹道学报, 2017, 29(4): 58–63. doi: CNKI:SUN:DDXB.0.2017-04-011 CAO J, GE J L, WANG H, et al. Numerical simulation on shock waveform of aluminum honeycombs [J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2017, 29(4): 58–63. doi: CNKI:SUN:DDXB.0.2017-04-011
[14]	包阔, 张先锋, 谈梦婷, 等. 子弹撞击碳化硼陶瓷复合靶试验与数值模拟研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(12): 57–68. doi: CNKI:SUN:BZCJ.0.2019-12-006 BAO K, ZHANG X F, TAN M T, et al. Ballistic test and numerical simulation on penetration of a boron-carbide-ceramic composite target by a bullet [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2019, 39(12): 57–68. doi: CNKI:SUN:BZCJ.0.2019-12-006
[15]	HU D, ZHANG Y, SHEN Z, et al. Investigation on the ballistic behavior of mosaic SiC/UHMWPE composite armor systems [J]. Ceramics International, 2017, 43(13): 10368–10376. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.05.071