Dynamical Response Behavior of Clamped Square Plates under the Impact of Large-Scale Hammer
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摘要: 为探究大尺度锤头冲击下固支方板的动响应行为，结合落锤工装设计了大尺度冲击锤头，通过对固支方板开展不同冲击强度下的撞击试验，获取了固支方板在大尺度锤头撞击下的典型破坏模式。同时依据试验结果及冲击动力学理论，建立了大尺度锤头冲击下固支方板变形评估方法，并结合数值模拟建立了大尺度锤头冲击下方板边界撕裂判据。研究结果表明：大尺度锤头冲击下固支方板主要依靠边界塑性铰、面板内塑性铰耗能，固支方板的撕裂从边界位置开始。基于塑性铰耗能机制建立了方板塑性变形理论评估方法，理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。固支方板撕裂过程中，边界起始撕裂处应力三轴度基本在0.6左右，本试验中建立的临界失效判据Bh值可取1.6倍板厚。所建立的评估方法及失效判据进一步完善了落锤冲击下固支方板的动响应行为研究。Abstract: In order to investigate the dynamic response behavior of clamped square plates under the impact of the large-scale hammer, a large-scale hammer head was designed in combination with the drop hammer tooling. The impact tests of clamped square plates under different impact strength were carried out, and the typical failure modes of clamped square plates under the impact of large-scale hammer were obtained. Based on the experimental results and the impact dynamics theory, the deformation evaluation method of clamped square plates under the impact of large-scale hammer was established. In addition, the boundary tearing criterion of clamped square plates was established by combining simulation analysis. The results indicated that the energy dissipation of clamped square plates under the impact of the large-scale hammer mainly depended on the plastic hinge and in-plane plastic hinge, and the initial tearing firstly occurred in plate boundary. Moreover, the plastic deformation evaluation method of clamped square plates established by the plastic hinge energy dissipation mechanism was in good agreement with the experiment results. In addition, the value of the stress triaxiality at the initial tearing position was nearly 0.6 during the tearing process of the clamped square plates. According to failure criterion established in this paper, the value of Bh was 1.6 times plate thickness. The evaluation method and failure criterion presented in this paper further improve the research on the dynamic response behavior of clamped square plates under the impact of the large-scale hammer.
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图 4 矩形板的塑性铰线和横向速度场
Figure 4. Plastic hinge and transverse velocity distribution of square plates
图 5 Q345B钢在不同应变率下的应力-应变曲线
Figure 5. Stress-strain curves of Q345B steel under different strain rates
图 6 锤头撞击方板计算模型及提取单元示意图
Figure 6. Simulation model of the square plate under hammer impacting and the selected element
图 7 Q345B钢材料试验结果及提取单元所处应力
Figure 7. Test results of Q345B steel material and the stress of the selected element
图 8 典型固支方板计算模型示意图
Figure 8. Typical numerical simulation models of the clamped square plates
表 1 试验工况及试验结果
Table 1. Experiment cases and test results
Case h/m v/(m·s−1) M/kg E/kJ Result D/mm Damage 1 0.4 2.80 2 024 7.934 39.3 Plastic deformation 2 0.5 3.13 2 024 9.917 45.9 Boundary tearing 3 0.6 3.42 2 024 11.901 48.6 Boundary tearing 4 0.7 3.70 2 024 13.884 55.8 Boundary tearing 
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