防弹衣抗小钨球侵彻性能的数值模拟

唐昌州; 智小琦; 郝春杰; 范兴华

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20210715

防弹衣抗小钨球侵彻性能的数值模拟

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210715

1.
中北大学机电工程学院，山西太原 030051
2.
晋西工业集团，山西太原 030027

详细信息

作者简介:
唐昌州（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事弹药工程及毁伤技术研究. E-mail：562870134@qq.com

通讯作者:
智小琦（1963－），女，博士，教授，主要从事武器毁伤与装药技术研究. E-mail：zxq4060@sina.com

中图分类号: O385
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-26
- 修回日期: 2021-02-07

Numerical Simulation of Anti-Penetration Performance of Body Armor against Small Tungsten Sphere

1.
College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
2.
Jinxi Industrial Group, Taiyuan 030027, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究防弹衣抗小钨球侵彻的性能，结合试验，利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA建立了小钨球侵彻防弹衣的数值模型。在此基础上，对侵彻过程进行了数值模拟，分析了防弹衣的破坏机理，并探讨了凯夫拉（Kevlar）与超高分子量聚乙烯（Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE）混杂配比对防弹衣抗侵彻性能的影响。研究结果表明：在小钨球侵彻作用下，防弹衣迎弹面主要发生纤维剪切破坏，背弹面主要发生纤维拉伸断裂破坏，并伴随着一定的层间分层破坏。随着着靶速度的提高，纤维的拉伸及分层破坏程度降低；与单一Kevlar制作的防弹衣相比，采用面板Kevlar、背板UHMWPE混杂结构的防弹衣抗侵彻性能更好。当Kevlar/UHMWPE的体积配比分别为1∶1、1∶2和1∶4时，防弹衣的抗侵彻性能分别提高3.7%、5.3%和4.4%，质量分别减少14.1%、18.8%和22.5%。综合考虑防弹衣的抗侵彻性能和重量，采用Kevlar/UHMWPE混杂配比为1∶2的防弹衣结构最佳；在弹道极限附近，采用Kevlar/UHMWPE混杂结构的防弹衣的吸能效果优于单一Kevlar结构，且随着着靶速度的提高，两者的吸能差异逐渐减小。研究结果对防护装备的优化设计具有一定的参考价值。
- 防弹衣 /
- 小钨球 /
- 抗侵彻性能 /
- 混杂复合材料
Abstract: In order to study the anti-penetration performance of body armor against small tungsten sphere, combined with the experiment, the numerical model of small tungsten sphere penetrating into body armor was established by using the finite element analysis software LS-DYNA. On this basis, the penetration process was numerically simulated, the damage mechanism of body armor was analyzed, and the influence of Kevlar and Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) hybrid ratio on the anti-penetration performance of body armor was discussed. The investigation results show that the shear failure of fiber mainly occurs on the impact face of body armor, and the tensile fracture of fiber mainly occurs on the back of body armor, accompanied by a certain delamination failure under the penetration effect of small tungsten sphere. The tensile failure and delamination failure degree of fiber decrease with the increase of the impact velocity of small tungsten sphere. Compared with the body armor made of Kevlar, the body armor with hybrid structure of Kevlar placed on the impact face and UHMWPE placed on the back has better anti-penetration performance. When the hybrid ratio of Kevlar and UHMWPE is 1∶1, 1∶2 and 1∶4, the anti-penetration performance of body armor is improved by 3.7%, 5.3% and 4.4% respectively, and the mass of body armor is reduced by 14.1%, 18.8% and 22.5% respectively. In the comprehensive consideration of anti-penetration performance and weight of body armor, the Kevlar/UHMWPE structure whose fiber hybrid ratio is 1∶2 is the best. When the impact velocity is near the ballistic limit, Kevlar/UHMWPE hybrid structure has better energy absorption effect than single Kevlar structure. However, with the increase of the impact velocity, the difference of energy absorption between them decreases gradually. The research results have a certain reference value for the optimization design of protective equipment.
- body armor /
- small tungsten sphere /
- anti-penetration performance /
- hybrid composites

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图 1 破片及弹托

Figure 1. Fragments and sabots

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图 2 试验布置示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of experimental set-up

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图 3 防弹纤维的典型破坏状态

Figure 3. Typical failure states of bulletproof fiber

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图 4 有限元模型

Figure 4. Finite element model

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图 5 不同着靶速度下防弹衣的破坏情况

Figure 5. Failure modes of body armor at different impact velocities

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图 6 小钨球侵彻防弹衣过程中的von-Mises应力变化（v = 748.4 m/s）

Figure 6. Von-Mises stress variation of small tungsten sphere penetrating into body armor (v = 748.4 m/s)

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图 7 纤维层面内的von-Mises应力变化（v = 748.4 m/s）

Figure 7. Von-Mises stress variation on fiber layer (v = 748.4 m/s)

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图 8 小钨球侵彻不同结构防弹衣的弹道极限

Figure 8. Ballistic limit of small tungsten sphere penetrating into body armor with different structures

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图 9 小钨球侵彻不同结构防弹衣的速度和加速度变化曲线（v = 775.0 m/s）

Figure 9. Velocity and acceleration variation curves of small tungsten spherepenetrating into body armor with different structures (v = 775.0 m/s)

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图 10 小钨球侵彻不同结构防弹衣的仿真结果（v = 775.0 m/s, t = 7 μs）

Figure 10. Simulation results of small tungsten sphere penetrating into body armor with different structures (v = 775.0 m/s, t = 7 μs)

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图 11 小钨球侵彻不同结构防弹衣的剩余速度

Figure 11. Residual velocity of small tungsten sphere penetrating into body armor with different structures

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表 1 试验数据

Table 1. Experimental data

No.	Impact velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Residual velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Perforation diameter/mm	Perforation
1	694.8	0	2.90	No
2	714.8	0	2.92	No
3	725.3	0	2.92	No
4	732.7	15.2	2.96	Yes
5	748.4	118.3	2.98	Yes
6	811.5	189.6	2.98	Yes

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表 2 钨球材料模型参数

Table 2. Material model parameters of tungsten sphere

$\;\rho$ /(g·cm⁻³)	E/GPa	$\;\mu$	$\sigma{_0}$ /MPa	E_t/MPa	$\;\beta$	C	P	$\varepsilon_{\rm{f}}$
13.7	367	0.303	1 506	792	1	3.9	6	1.2

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表 3 Kevlar材料模型参数

Table 3. Material model parameters of Kevlar

$\;\rho$ /(g·cm⁻³)	E₁/GPa	E₂/GPa	E₃/GPa	$\;\mu$ ₁₂	$\;\mu$ ₁₃	$\;\mu$ ₂₃	G₁₂/GPa	G₁₃/GPa	G₂₃/GPa
1.35	21	21	4.6	0.31	0.14	0.14	1.2	1.2	1.2

K_f/GPa	S_C/GPa	X_T/GPa	Y_T/GPa	Y_C/GPa	α	S_N/GPa	S₁₃/GPa	S₂₃/GPa
2	0.25	1.8	1.8	1.4	0.5	0.55	0.55	0.55

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表 4 仿真值与试验值的比较

Table 4. Comparison between simulation results and experimental results

No.	Impact velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Residual velocity/(m·s⁻¹)		Perforation diameter/mm		Ballistic limit/(m·s⁻¹)		Error/%
No.	Impact velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Experiment	Simulation	Experiment	Simulation	Experiment	Simulation	Error/%
1	694.8	0	0	2.90	2.83	729	732	0.41
2	714.8	0	0	2.92	2.86
3	725.3	0	0	2.92	2.81
4	732.7	15.2	19.2	2.96	2.85
5	748.4	118.3	108.0	2.98	2.87
6	811.5	189.6	208.3	2.98	2.86

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表 5 UHMWPE材料模型参数^[18]

Table 5. Material model parameters of UHMWPE^[18]

$\;\rho$ /(g·cm⁻³)	E₁/GPa	E₂/GPa	E₃/GPa	$\;\mu$ ₁₂	$\;\mu$ ₁₃	$\;\mu$ ₂₃	G₁₂/GPa	G₁₃/GPa	G₂₃/GPa
0.97	30.7	30.7	1.97	0.008	0.044	0.044	0.73	0.67	0.67

K_f/GPa	S_C/GPa	X_T/GPa	Y_T/GPa	Y_C/GPa	α	S_N/GPa	S₁₃/GPa	S₂₃/GPa
2.2	0.36	3.0	3.0	2.5	0.5	0.95	0.95	0.95

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表 6 小钨球侵彻不同结构防弹衣弹道极限的仿真结果

Table 6. Simulation results of ballistic limit of small tungsten sphere penetrating into body armor with different structures

Type of tungsten sphere	Thickness of body armor/mm	Structure of body armor	Ballistic limit/(m·s⁻¹)
0.16 g, $\varnothing$ 2.8 mm	9	K1U1	759.0
		K1U2	771.0
		K1U4	764.0

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表 7 小钨球侵彻不同结构防弹衣的仿真结果

Table 7. Simulation results of small tungsten sphere penetrating into body armor with different structures

Type of tungsten sphere	Thickness of body armor/mm	Impact velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Residual velocity/(m·s⁻¹)
Type of tungsten sphere	Thickness of body armor/mm	Impact velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	K1U0	K1U1	K1U2	K1U4
0.16 g, $\varnothing$ 2.8 mm	9	750.0	108.9	0	0	0
		775.0	162.1	114.6	60.2	80.1
		800.0	199.5	187.6	164.6	177.0
		825.0	241.6	229.9	206.5	219.6
		850.0	282.9	274.3	254.5	265.4

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