缓释结构对B炸药烤燃响应烈度的影响

徐瑞; 智小琦; 王帅

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20200657

缓释结构对B炸药烤燃响应烈度的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200657

徐瑞^1,,
智小琦^1,*, ,,
王帅²

1.
中北大学机电工程学院，山西太原　030051
2.
湖北航天化学技术研究所，湖北襄阳　441000

详细信息

作者简介:
徐　瑞（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事战斗部毁伤技术研究. E-mail：2473077009@qq.com

通讯作者:
智小琦（1963－），女，博士，教授，主要从事战斗部毁伤技术及弹药易损性研究. E-mail：zxq4060@sina.com

中图分类号: TJ55
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-18
- 修回日期: 2020-12-25

Influence of Venting Structure on the Cook-off Response Intensity of Composition B

XU Rui^1
,,
ZHI Xiaoqi^{1,*
, ,},
WANG Shuai²

1.
School of Electromechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
2.
Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology, Xiangyang 441000, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究装药在缓释结构作用下的响应特性，设计了弹药烤燃系统及弹体泄压装置，分析了B炸药在热刺激作用下泄压装置对响应烈度的影响，得到了B炸药在泄压结构作用下的升温曲线与响应结果。结果表明，无泄压孔时，装药的响应等级为爆轰反应，装药的响应温度较低，响应时间较短。泄压孔面积为装药面积的2.0%时，装药的响应等级为爆轰反应；泄压孔面积为装药面积的2.5%和3.5%时，装药的响应等级均为燃烧。弹药临近响应时刻冲开泄压孔，降低了炸药内部温度，延长了响应时间。通过数值模拟得到了装药内部温度的分布情况，响应时刻炸药温度呈层状分布，炸药响应点位于炸药顶部。RDX的分解放热是B炸药点火的主要原因。弹药泄压结构可以有效降低弹药响应的剧烈程度，提高装药的热安全性。
- 慢速烤燃 /
- 泄压结构 /
- B炸药 /
- 响应特性
Abstract: In order to study the response characteristics of ammunition under the venting structure, the cook-off system of ammunition and the venting structure were designed, and the influence of the venting structure on the response intensity of Composition B under the thermal stimulation was studied. The temperature rise curve and response of Composition B with the venting structure were also obtained. The results show that the response level of the ammunition is detonation reaction without venting structure, and the response temperature of the ammunition is relatively low, and the response time is relatively short. When the area of the venting structure is 2.0% of the charge area, the response level of the ammunition is detonation response, and when the area of the venting structure is 2.5% and 3.5% of the charge area, the response level of the ammunition is combustion. When the ammunition approaches the response time, the venting structure is opened, which reduces the internal temperature of the explosive and prolongs the response time. The temperature distribution inside the ammunition is obtained by numerical simulation. The explosive temperature is distributed in layers at the response time, and the response point of explosive is located at the top of the explosive. The decomposition of RDX is the main factor in the ignition of Composition B. The pressure relief structure of ammunition can effectively reduce the response intensity of ammunition and improve the thermal safety of ammunition.
- slow cook-off /
- venting structure /
- Composition B /
- response characteristics

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图 1 B炸药在不同温度下稳定燃烧所需的泄压孔面积

Figure 1. Area of the venting structure required for the stable combustion of Composition B at different temperatures

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图 2 试验弹体实物照片

Figure 2. Physical drawing of the test ammunition

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图 3 试验示意图

Figure 3. Schematic of test

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图 4 测温点位置及实物照片

Figure 4. Locations of temperature measurement points and picture of objects

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图 5 不同尺寸泄压孔下弹药各测点温度-时间曲线

Figure 5. Temperature history curve of ammunition with venting structure of different sizes

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图 6 响应后的破片与弹体

Figure 6. Fragments and ammunition after response

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图 7 不同时刻的温度云图

Figure 7. Temperature cloud diagram at different time

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图 8 炸药各组分含量曲线

Figure 8. Component content curve of the explosive

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表 1 响应时刻炸药内部各点温度分布

Table 1. Temperature distribution of each point inside the explosive at the response time

d/mm	Heating rate/(℃·h⁻¹)	Response level	Response time/h	Temperature/℃				Venting size
d/mm	Heating rate/(℃·h⁻¹)	Response level	Response time/h	Wall	Point 1	Point 2	Point 3	Venting size
35	3.3	Detonation	42.2	180.3	204.9	194.7	192.1	None
	3.3	Detonation	44.8	189.7	200.6	200.7	204.6	2.0%
	3.3	Combustion	45.7	192.5	223.5	204.6	201.4	2.5%
	3.3	Combustion	46.8	196.2	225.2	203.8	202.1	3.5%

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表 2 炸药和壳体的材料参数及化学反应动力学参数

Table 2. Material parameters and chemical reaction kinetic parameters of explosives and shells

Material	$ \;\rho $/($ \rm kg\cdot {m}^{-3} $)	C/$ (\rm J\cdot {kg}^{-1}\cdot {K}^{-1}) $	i	$Q/\rm(MJ\cdot {kg}^{-1} )$	$E/\rm (MJ\cdot {mol}^{-1} )$	$Z/{\rm s}^{-1}$
RDX	1 640	1 130	1	0.268	0.204	6.40 × 10¹⁷
			2	−8.030	0.189	4.74 × 10¹⁷
			3	−65.600	0.143	9.54 × 10¹⁴
TNT	1 510	1 611	4	0.126	0.195	1.59 × 10¹⁵
			5	−0.340	0.160	1.96 × 10¹²
			6	−0.340	0.147	2.39 × 10¹¹
Steel	8 030	502.48

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表 3 试验与仿真结果

Table 3. Experimental and simulation results

Method	Temperature/℃
Method	Wall	Point 1	Point 2	Point 3
Test	180.3	204.9	194.7	192.1
Simulation	186.5	202.3	197.6	192.9
Relative error	3.4%	−1.3%	1.5%	0.4%

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