Cu-Ni-Al和Cu聚能射流侵彻后钢靶的毁伤特征

张超霞; 刘迎彬; 胡晓艳; 张增; 薛瑞峰; 杨丽; 袁磊

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20200651

Cu-Ni-Al和Cu聚能射流侵彻后钢靶的毁伤特征

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200651

张超霞^1,,
刘迎彬^1,*, ,,
胡晓艳¹,
张增¹,
薛瑞峰¹,
杨丽²,
袁磊³

1.
中北大学环境与安全工程学院，山西太原　030051
2.
山西江阳化工有限公司军品研究所，山西太原　030051
3.
北京特种车辆研究所，北京　100072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11802274）

详细信息

作者简介:
张超霞（1994－），女，硕士，主要从事弹药毁伤研究. E-mail：chaoxiall@163.com

通讯作者:
刘迎彬（1985－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事武器系统与防护研究. E-mail：ybliu@nuc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TJ410
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-08
- 修回日期: 2021-01-06

Damage Characteristics of Steel Targets Penetrated by Cu-Ni-Al and Cu Shaped Charge Jets

1.
School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
2.
Military Products Research Institute, Shanxi Jiangyang Chemical Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
3.
Beijing Special Vehicle Research Institute, Beijing 100072, China

摘要

摘要: 为了对比分析Cu-Ni-Al反应聚能射流和惰性Cu聚能射流对45钢靶的宏观侵彻特性和靶板的微观组织特征，分别进行了Cu-Ni-Al和Cu药型罩的侵彻实验，并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能量色散光谱仪和Vickers显微硬度测量系统对回收钢靶进行表征。实验结果表明：Cu-Ni-Al反应射流对45钢的穿深与Cu射流相比明显降低，但其平均入口孔径提高了33.3%。两种聚能射流侵彻作用下钢靶中均存在残余射流区、白色区（马氏体和奥氏体的混合物）和变形区。与Cu射流相比，Cu-Ni-Al反应射流孔壁残余射流区的硬度值提高了34 MPa，孔壁尾部白色区的硬度值增加了95 MPa，其孔壁头部白色区的硬度值降低了28 MPa。两种聚能射流孔壁尾部白色区的硬度值均高于头部。研究结果可为评估反应材料药型罩聚能装药战斗部的毁伤效应提供一定的参考。
- 药型罩 /
- Cu-Ni-Al /
- 毁伤特征 /
- 微观组织 /
- 显微硬度
Abstract: To compare and analyze the macroscopic penetration characteristics and the microstructure characteristics of the 45 steel targets penetrated by Cu-Ni-Al reactive shaped charge jets and inert Cu shaped charge jets, we carried out penetration experiments of the Cu-Ni-Al and Cu shaped charge liner, and used optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and Vickers microhardness measurement system to characterize the recovered steel targets. The experimental results showed that the penetration depth of the Cu-Ni-Al reactive jet on 45 steel was significantly lower than that of the Cu jet, but its average entrance diameter was increased by 33.3%. There was residual jet zone, “white” zone (a mixture of martensite and austenite) and deformation zone in the steel target penetrated by the two shaped charge jets. Compared with the Cu jet, the hardness values of Cu-Ni-Al residual jet zone were increased by 34 MPa, the hardness values of Cu-Ni-Al “white” zone in the tail were increased by 95 MPa, and the hardness values of Cu-Ni-Al “white” zone in the head were reduced by 28 MPa. In “white” zone of target penetrated by two shaped charge jets, the hardness values in the tail were higher than that in the head. The above results can provide a certain reference for evaluating the damage effect of the reactive material liners shaped charge warhead.
- shaped charge liner /
- Cu-Ni-Al /
- damage characteristic /
- microstructure /
- microhardness

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图 1 粉末药型罩：（a）Cu-Ni-Al药型罩，（b）Cu药型罩

Figure 1. Powder shaped charge liner: (a) Cu-Ni-Al SCL, (b) Cu SCL

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图 2 聚能装药结构

Figure 2. Shaped charge device

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图 3 侵彻实验布置

Figure 3. Penetration experimental arrangement

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图 4 两种射流侵彻后钢靶的宏观特征：（a）Cu-Ni-Al，（b）Cu

Figure 4. Macroscopic features of steel targets penetrated by (a) Cu-Ni-Al and (b) Cu jet

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图 5 Cu-Ni-Al射流侵彻钢靶孔壁的OM图像：（a）孔壁头部区域，（b）孔壁尾部区域

Figure 5. OM images of the crater wall of steel targets penetrated by Cu-Ni-Al jet: (a) the head of the crater wall, (b) the tail of the crater wall

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图 6 Cu射流侵彻钢靶孔壁的OM图像：（a）孔壁头部区域，（b）孔壁头部射流冲刷区，（c）孔壁尾部区域

Figure 6. OM image of the crater wall of targets penetrated by Cu jet: (a) the head of the crater wall, (b) the scouring area of the jet in the head of the crater wall, (c) the tail of the crater wall

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图 7 两种射流孔壁尾部SEM/EDS点扫结果：（a）Cu-Ni-Al，（b）Cu

Figure 7. SEM/EDS point scanning results in the tail of the crater wall of two jets: (a) Cu-Ni-Al, (b) Cu

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图 8 两种射流孔壁尾部SEM/EDS线扫结果：（a） Cu-Ni-Al, （b） Cu

Figure 8. SEM/EDS line scanning results in the tail of the crater wall of two jets: (a) Cu-Ni-Al，(b) Cu

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图 9 Cu-Ni-Al和Cu射流侵彻钢靶孔壁的维氏显微硬度

Figure 9. Vickers microhardness of the crater wall of steel targets penetrated by Cu-Ni-Al and Cu jets

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表 1 粉末属性

Table 1. Properties of powders

Material	Theoretical density/(g·cm⁻³)	Shape	Granularity/ ${\text{μ}}{\rm{m}}$	Purity/%
Nickel	8.90	Thorny rounded	2−6	99.9
Aluminum	2.70	Rounded	6−15	99.9
Copper	8.96	Rounded	20−50	99.9

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表 2 药型罩的相关参数

Table 2. Parameters of SCLs

SCL	Number	Mass ratio	Mass/g	ρ_AMD/(g·cm⁻³)	Height/mm	Thickness/mm	Dimension sizes/mm	Porosity/%
Cu-Ni-Al	A-1	30∶35∶35	27.11	4.77	46.90	1.73	0.03	3.44
	A-2	30∶35∶35	27.37	4.74	46.98	1.75	0.02	4.05
	A-3	30∶35∶35	27.72	4.76	47.02	1.75	0.04	3.64
Cu	B-1		49.92	8.35	46.87	1.74	0.02	6.81
	B-2		50.00	8.36	46.98	1.75	0.04	6.70
	B-3		50.01	8.33	46.95	1.78	0.01	7.03

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表 3 45钢的化学成分及含量

Table 3. Chemical composition and content of 45 steel %　

C	Si	Mn	Cr	Ni	Cu	P	S
0.42−0.50	0.17−0.37	0.50−0.80	≤0.25	≤0.30	≤0.25	≤0.035	≤0.035

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表 4 两种药型罩的侵彻参数

Table 4. Penetration parameters of two different SCLs

SCL	Number	Penetration depth/mm	Average penetration depth/mm	Crater entrance diameter/mm	Average crater entrance diameter/mm
Cu-Ni-Al	A-1	114.5		23.0
	A-2	118.0	117.7	21.5	22.2
	A-3	120.5		22.0
Cu	B-1	181.0		14.5
	B-2	175.0	176.5	15.0	14.8
	B-3	173.5		15.0

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表 5 两种药型罩侵彻钢靶后各影响区域的厚度参数

Table 5. Thickness parameters of the affected zones in steel targets penetrated by two different SCLs

SCL	Part of targets	Thickness/μm
SCL	Part of targets	Residual jet zone	“White” zone	Deformation zone	Total affected zone
Cu-Ni-Al	Head	10−110	80−150	110−260	200−520
Cu-Ni-Al	Tail	40−170	130−410	50−190	220−770
Cu	Head	10−30	0−5	400−600	410−635
Cu	Tail	40−70	120−180	150−210	310−460

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