聚氯乙烯弹性体动态拉伸力学性能实验研究

雷经发; 宣言; 刘涛; 姜锡权; 段飞亚; 魏展

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20200627

聚氯乙烯弹性体动态拉伸力学性能实验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200627

雷经发^{1, 2,},
宣言¹,
刘涛^{1, 2,*, ,},
姜锡权³,
段飞亚¹,
魏展¹

1.
安徽建筑大学机械与电气工程学院，安徽合肥　230601
2.
工程机械智能制造安徽省教育厅重点实验室，安徽合肥　230601
3.
合肥姜水动态力学实验技术有限公司，安徽合肥　230031

基金项目: 安徽省自然科学基金（1708085ME130）；安徽省高校优秀拔尖人才培育项目（GXBJZD2020078，GXYQZD2019057）；汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室开放基金（NVHSKL-201407）

详细信息

作者简介:
雷经发（1978－），男，博士，教授，主要从事材料力学性能测试与人机测试工程等研究. E-mail：rain78828@163.com

通讯作者:
刘　涛（1984－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事材料力学性能测试与无损检测等研究. E-mail：tao.liu@ahjzu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-15
- 修回日期: 2020-11-05

Experiments of Dynamic Tensile Properties of a Polyvinyl Chloride Elastomer

LEI Jingfa^{1, 2
,},
XUAN Yan¹,
LIU Tao^{1, 2,*
, ,},
JIANG Xiquan³,
DUAN Feiya¹,
WEI Zhan¹

1.
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
2.
Anhui Education Department Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Construction Machinery, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
3.
Hefei Jiangshui Dynamic Mechanics Experimental Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230031, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究软质高分子聚合物材料的静、动态拉伸力学性能，利用Instron-5943万能材料试验机和改进型分离式霍普金森拉杆（SHTB）实验装置对聚氯乙烯（PVC）弹性体材料进行了静、动态拉伸实验，得到了该材料在应变率为0.1 s⁻¹及400～1850 s⁻¹下的应力-应变曲线。动态拉伸实验过程中，联合波形图分析和高速摄像方法对试样连接方式和胶黏剂进行了优选，通过脉冲整形器延缓入射波上升沿以实现恒应变率加载，调整入射杆与吸收杆间空隙解决了入射波基线偏离问题。结果表明：PVC弹性体在准静态（0.1 s⁻¹）拉伸载荷下具有明显的线弹性特征，在动态（400～1850 s⁻¹）拉伸载荷下具有一定的黏性特征。构建了朱-王-唐（ZWT）非线性黏弹性本构模型以表征PVC弹性体材料的黏弹性力学特征，实验与模型拟合结果较吻合。
- 聚氯乙烯弹性体 /
- 应变率 /
- 分离式霍普金森拉杆 /
- 本构模型
Abstract: To study the static and dynamic tensile properties of soft polymer materials, experiments of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) elastomer were carried out using the Instron-5943 universal testing machine and an improved split Hopkinson tensile bar (SHTB) experimental device. Stress-strain curves of the material under the strain rates of 0.1 s⁻¹ and 400−1 850 s⁻¹ were obtained. During the dynamic tensile experiment, the combination of waveform analysis and high-speed camera were adopted to optimize the connection mode and adhesive of the specimen. The pulse shaper was used to delay the rising edge of the incident wave to realize constant strain rate loading. The gap between the incident bar and the absorption bar was adjusted to deal with the baseline deviation of incident wave. Results showed that the PVC elastomer shows obvious linear elastic under quasi-static (0.1 s⁻¹) tension, and certain viscosity under dynamic (400−1 850 s⁻¹) tension. The non-linear viscoelastic Zhu-Wang-Tang (ZWT) model was used to characterize the viscoelastic response of the PVC elastomer, and the results of experiment and simulation were in good agreement.
- PVC elastomer /
- strain rate /
- split Hopkinsontensilebar /
- constitutive model

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图 1 准静态拉伸试样尺寸（单位：mm）

Figure 1. Dimension of quasi-static tensile specimen (Unit：mm)

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图 2 分离式霍普金森拉杆装置示意图

Figure 2. Schematic of split Hopkinson tensile bar setup

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图 3 挂接夹具及哑铃状试样尺寸（单位：mm）

Figure 3. Dimensions of clamps and dumbbell-shaped specimens (Unit：mm)

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图 4 挂接波形

Figure 4. Mounting waveform

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图 5 改进后的SHTB黏接试样及加载波形

Figure 5. Modified SHTB bonded sample and loading waveform

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图 6 502瞬间强力胶黏接试样拉伸对比

Figure 6. Tensile comparisons of 502 superglue bonded samples

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图 7 不同胶黏剂黏接典型波形

Figure 7. Typical waveforms of different glues bonded samples

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图 8 脉冲整形器安装示意图

Figure 8. Schematic of pulse shaper installation

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图 9 整形后波形

Figure 9. Waveform after shaping

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图 10 空隙对入射波卸载情况的影响

Figure 10. Effect of gap on unloading of incident wave

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图 11 准静态拉伸应力-应变曲线

Figure 11. Quasi-static tensile stress-strain curve

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图 12 动态拉伸应力-应变曲线

Figure 12. Dynamic tensile stress-strain curves

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图 13 ZWT模型示意图

Figure 13. Schematic of ZWT model

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图 14 ZWT拟合曲线与实验曲线

Figure 14. Fitting curves of ZWT model and experimental curves

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表 1 动态参数变化情况

Table 1. Variations of dynamic properties

Strain rate/s⁻¹	Secant modulus/MPa	Peak stress/MPa	Peak strain/%
400	89.78	9.19	14.12
700	115.62	13.25	16.07
950	134.82	17.99	26.85
1 850	166.81	27.63	53.19

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表 2 ZWT模型拟合参数值

Table 2. ZWT model fitting parameter values

Strain rates/s⁻¹	E₀	E₁	$\alpha $	$\;\beta $	E₂	${\theta}$₂
400	−7.364	6.930	0.166	0.009	8.414	0.002 0
700	−0.350	0.630	0.076	0.004	5.074	0.002 0
950	51.249	−51.151	0.051	0.002	5.482	0.001 7
1 850	2.392	−2.550	0.027	0	8.647	0.001 0

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