仿生BCC结构的准静态压缩数值模拟及吸能性

吴伟; 张辉; 曹美文; 张霞; 陈飞; 梁清香; 常超

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20200578

仿生BCC结构的准静态压缩数值模拟及吸能性

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200578

吴伟^1,,
张辉¹,
曹美文²,
张霞²,
陈飞²,
梁清香¹,
常超^1,*, ,

1.
太原科技大学应用科学学院力学系，山西太原　030008
2.
山西柴油机工业有限责任公司，山西大同　037036

基金项目: 山西省高等学校科技创新项目（2019L0624）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴　伟（1995－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事金属材料的力学行为研究.E-mail：2451422393@qq.com

通讯作者:
常　超（1986－），男，博士研究生，副教授，主要从事金属材料的力学行为研究. E-mail：cc@tyust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O341
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-28
- 修回日期: 2020-07-22

Numerical Simulation of Quasi-Static Compression and Energy Absorption of Bionic BCC Structure

1.
Department of Mechanics, College of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030008, Shanxi, China
2.
Shanxi Diesel Engine Industry Co., Ltd., Datong 037036, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 晶格点阵结构因具有质量轻、吸能性好等优点，被广泛应用于航空、航天、军工等领域。研究了仿生体心立方（BCC）结构的吸能性，并探讨了截面形貌对BCC晶格结构吸能性的影响。基于毛竹的宏观结构和细观结构，设计了3种不同的BCC仿竹晶格点阵结构，对3种结构及原始BCC晶格结构进行了轴向准静态压缩数值模拟。结果表明：静载下仿竹BCC结构的吸能性和比吸能均比原始BCC结构提高了25%以上，但3种仿竹BCC结构的吸能性、比吸能相差不大；仿竹BCC结构的相对密度对其吸能性和比吸能的影响较大；在压缩过程中，仿生结构的韧性截面有效保证了塌陷稳定性，这是该结构吸能稳定的重要原因。
- 仿竹结构 /
- 体心立方晶格结构 /
- 能量吸收 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: The lattice structure is widely used in aerospace, military, and other fields due to its lightweight and excellent energy absorption. This article mainly studies the energy absorption of the bionic BCC (body-centered cubic) structure and discusses its influence by the cross-sectional morphology. In this paper, three different BCC bionic bamboo lattice structures are designed based on the macro-structure and meso-structure of Phyllostachys pubescens. Additionally, the axial compression numerical simulation is carried out on the bionic bamboo lattice structures and original BCC lattice structure, respectively. The results show that both the energy absorption and specific energy absorption of the bionic bamboo lattice structures under quasi-static load are improved by more than 25% compared with the original BCC structure. However, the energy absorption and specific energy absorption of the three bionic bamboo lattice structures are similar. It is also indicated that the relative density of the structure has great influence on its energy absorption and specific energy absorption. During the compression process of the bionic BCC structure, there are wrinkles and collapses inside, which might be an important reason for the stable energy absorption of the bionic structure.
- bionic bamboo structure /
- body centered cubic lattice structure /
- energy absorption /
- numerical simulation

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图 1 成年毛竹的宏观结构(a)和竹壁截面的细观结构(b)以及1/4部分的3种截面(c)

Figure 1. Macro structure of adult phyllostachys pubescens (a) and mesoscopic structure ofbamboo wall section (b)，three cross sections representing 1/4 part (c)

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图 2 晶格结构示意图：(a)原始BCC晶格结构，(b)空心结构，(c)Ⅰ型结构，(d)Ⅱ型结构

Figure 2. Schematic of the lattice structure: (a) original BCC structure, (b) hollow structure, (c) type I structure, (d) type II structure

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图 3 晶格结构准静态压缩有限元模型

Figure 3. Quasi-static compression finite elementmodel of lattice structure

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图 4 4种结构的网格模型

Figure 4. Grid models of four structures

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图 5 网格尺寸敏感性分析

Figure 5. Sensitivity analysis of grid size

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图 6 验证试样及其实验和数值模拟对比

Figure 6. Validated samples and comparison of the experiments and numerical simulations

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图 7 4种相对密度下晶格结构的应力-应变曲线

Figure 7. Stress-strain curves of lattice structure under four relative densities

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图 8 相对密度为22%的4种结构的能量吸收曲线

Figure 8. Energy absorption curves of four structures with a relative density of 22%

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图 9 4种晶格结构的能量吸收

Figure 9. Energy absorption of four lattice structures

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图 10 4种晶格结构的比吸能

Figure 10. Specific energy absorption of thefour lattice structures

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图 11 Ⅰ型晶格结构变形模式和应力云图

Figure 11. The deformation mode and strain nephogramof the typeⅠlattice structure

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表 1 晶格结构的物理参数

Table 1. Physical parameters of the lattice structure

Lattice structure	Relative density/%	Diameter/mm	Cross-sectional area/mm²	Thickness/mm	Minimum thickness/mm
Original structure	13	1.66
	15	1.81
	19	2.08
	22	2.25
Hollow structure	13		26.56	0.35
	15		30.88	0.41
	19		38.56	0.54
	22		43.58	0.64
Type Ⅰ structure	13		24.07		0.06
	15		27.80		0.07
	19		36.64		0.10
	22		41.92		0.12
Type Ⅱ structure	13		23.84		0.10
	15		28.22		0.13
	19		36.13		0.17
	22		41.41		0.20

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表 2 晶格结构在0 < ε < 0.4范围内的能量吸收和比吸能

Table 2. Energy absorption and specific energy absorption of lattice structure at 0 < ε < 0.4

Lattice structure	Mass/g	E_A/MJ	E_SA/(MJ·g^–1)
Original structure	7.98	48.13	6.03
	9.53	54.39	5.71
	12.21	68.51	5.62
	13.98	81.72	5.85
Hollow structure	8.14	78.13	9.60
	9.55	86.58	9.07
	12.23	105.68	8.64
	14.04	114.65	8.17
Type I structure	8.14	78.62	9.66
Type I structure	9.40	88.14	9.38
Type I structure	12.39	97.83	7.90
Type I structure	14.16	105.64	7.46
Type Ⅱ structure	8.04	79.21	9.85
	9.58	87.29	9.11
	12.26	99.52	8.12
	14.04	103.16	7.35

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