碳纤维-泡沫铝夹芯板低速冲击响应

刘姗姗; 刘亚军; 张英杰; 李志强

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20190872

碳纤维-泡沫铝夹芯板低速冲击响应

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190872

刘姗姗^1,,
刘亚军¹,
张英杰¹,
李志强^{1, 2, 3,*, ,}

1.
太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院应用力学研究所，山西太原　030024
2.
太原理工大学材料强度与结构冲击山西省重点实验室，山西太原　030024
3.
力学国家级实验教学示范中心(太原理工大学)，山西太原　030024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11672199）；山西省自然科学基础研究项目（201601D011011）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘姗姗（1993－），女，硕士研究生，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail：liushanshan0104@163.com

通讯作者:
李志强（1973－），男，博士，教授，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail：lizhiqiang@tyut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O344.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-23
- 修回日期: 2020-02-04

Low-Velocity Impact Response of Carbon Fiber-Aluminum Foam Sandwich Plate

LIU Shanshan^1
,,
LIU Yajun¹,
ZHANG Yingjie¹,
LI Zhiqiang^{1, 2, 3,*
, ,}

1.
Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
2.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
3.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanics Education (Taiyuan University of Technology), Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究夹芯结构的低速冲击响应，以碳纤维（T700）/环氧树脂复合材料层合板为上下面板，以闭孔泡沫铝为芯层，模拟夹芯板落锤冲击时的损伤演化过程。复合材料层合板采用三维实体单元建模，基于有限元软件ABAQUS中的用户子程序VUMAT，引入三维Hashin失效准则模拟复合材料的损伤破坏；采用二次应力准则，Cohesive单元模拟黏结层的层间失效；闭孔泡沫铝芯层采用3D Voronoi细观模型建模。分析复合材料夹芯结构在落锤冲击下的损伤起始、损伤扩展和最终破坏模式，通过锤头的接触力、位移、夹芯板的内能、后面板的最大位移研究夹层结构的能量吸收情况及抗冲击特性，得出了在质量保持不变的情况下，5种芯层相对密度和厚度的耦合关系中的最优设计是芯层相对密度15.0%，厚度为10 mm，为满足实际工程中的需求提供了设计依据。
- 复合材料夹芯板 /
- 低速冲击 /
- 损伤演化 /
- 动态响应 /
- 吸能特性
Abstract: In order to study the low velocity impact response of the core-layer structure, this paper simulates the damage process of sandwich structure, that carbon fiber (T700)/epoxy composite laminates are used as the top and bottom panel, the foam aluminum is used as core layer, under impact loading of drop hammer. The composite laminates were modeled with three-dimensional solid elements, and the failure criteria of three-dimensional Hashin were introduced to simulate the damage of composite materials by the user subroutine VUMAT in the finite element software ABAQUS. The bonding layer failure between the layers was simulated with criterion of the secondary stress and cohesive unit. The aluminum foam core layer was modeled by a 3D Voronoi mesoscopic model. By analyzing the damage initiation, damage propagation and final failure modes of composite sandwich structures under low speed impact, the progressive failure mechanism of composite materials was clarified. The contact force and displacement through the hammer head, internal energy of sandwich panel, rear panel to study the stress distribution and maximum displacement energy absorption and impact resistance of sandwich structure. The optimal design of the coupling relation between the relative density and thickness of five different core layers under the condition of a certain quality control have been obtained, which provides designed guidance for satisfying the requirements of practical engineering.
- composite sandwich plate /
- low speed impact /
- damage evolution /
- dynamic response /
- energy absorption characteristics

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图 1 夹芯板结构示意图

Figure 1. Diagram of sandwich plate structure

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图 2 三维有限元模型

Figure 2. Three-dimensional finite element model

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图 3 能量-时间曲线

Figure 3. Energy-time curves

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图 4 能量-位移曲线

Figure 4. Energy-displacement curve

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图 5 不同冲击能量下的冲击载荷-时间曲线

Figure 5. Force-time curves under different impact energy

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图 6 33.0 J冲击能量下夹芯板的破坏模式

Figure 6. Failure mode of sandwich panel under 33.0 J impact energy

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图 7 不同冲击能量下锤头位移-时间曲线

Figure 7. Displacement-time curves of impactor at different impact energy

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图 8 不同冲击能量下锤头动能-时间曲线

Figure 8. Kinetic energy-time curves of impactor at different impact energy

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图 9 不同冲击能量下夹芯板内能-时间曲线

Figure 9. Internal energy-time curves of the sandwich board at different impact energy

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图 10 不同冲击能量下后面板的最大位移

Figure 10. Maximum displacement of rear panel at different impact energy

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图 11 不同夹芯结构的冲击载荷-时间曲线

Figure 11. The impact force-time curves for different sandwich structures

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图 12 不同夹芯结构的锤头位移-时间曲线

Figure 12. The displacement of impactor-time curves for different sandwich structures

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图 13 不同夹芯结构的锤头动能-时间曲线

Figure 13. Kinetic energy of impactor-time curves of impactor for different sandwich structures

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图 14 不同夹芯结构的芯层塑性耗散能-时间曲线

Figure 14. Plastic dissipation energy of core layer-time curves for different sandwich structures

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图 15 不同结构后面板最大位移与芯层厚度的比值曲线

Figure 15. The ratio curves of the maximum displacement of back layer to core thickness for different sandwich structures

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图 16 不同夹芯结构后面板各层的最大应力变化曲线

Figure 16. Maximum stress of each back layer for different sandwich structures

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图 17 冲击载荷-时间曲线

Figure 17. Force-time curves

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图 18 锤头位移-时间曲线

Figure 18. Displacement-time curves of impactor

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图 19 后面板应力云图

Figure 19. Stress plot of rear panel

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表 1 复合材料力学性能参数^[11]

Table 1. Mechanical parameters of the composite materials^[11]

E₁/GPa	E₂/GPa	ν	G₁₂/GPa	G₁₃/GPa	G₂₃/GPa
180	10	0.28	2.6	3.9	3.9
X_t/MPa	X_c/MPa	Y_t/MPa	Y_c/MPa	S₁₂/MPa	ρ/(g·cm^–3)
2 500	1 250	60	186	85	1.95

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表 2 Cohesive单元材料参数^[14]

Table 2. Material parameters of cohesive elements^[14]

K_nn/(GPa·mm^–1)	K_ss(= K_tt)/(GPa·mm^–1)	N/MPa	S(= T)/MPa	G₁/(J·m^–2)	G₂(= G₃)/(J·m^–2)
120	43	30	80	520	970

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表 3 Al6061-T6材料参数

Table 3. Material parameters of Al6061-T6

ρ/(g·cm^–3)	E/GPa	ν	A/MPa	B/MPa	N	m
2.7	70	0.28	265	426	0.34	1

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表 4 不同能量下后面板的撕裂程度

Table 4. Tear degree of rear panel under different energy

Impact energy/J	Tear layers
33.0	0
58.7	3
91.7	5

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表 5 5种不同的夹芯结构

Table 5. Five different sandwich structures

Structure type	Plane size of specimen/ (mm × mm)	Stacking sequence	Upper (lower) panel thickness /mm	Core relative density/%	The thickness of the core layer/mm	Diameter of impactor/mm	Impact energy/J
1^#	100 × 100	[45°/0°/−45°/90°]_s	1	10.0	15.0	12.5	33.0
2^#				12.5	12.0
3^#				15.0	10.0
4^#				17.5	8.6
5^#				20.0	7.5

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表 6 5种不同结构后面板的撕裂程度

Table 6. Tear degree of rear panel for five sandwich structures

Structure No.	Tear layers
1^#	0
2^#	3
3^#	5
4^#	7
5^#	8

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