钝感炸药冲击起爆反应过程的PDV技术

杨舒棋; 张旭; 彭文杨; 舒俊翔; 刘寿先; 覃双; 钟斌

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20190856

钝感炸药冲击起爆反应过程的PDV技术

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190856

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳　621999

基金项目: 军科委基础加强重点项目（2019-JCJQ-ZD-203）；科学挑战专题（TZ2018001）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨舒棋(1993－)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事冲击起爆研究. E-mail：yangshuqi77@126.com

通讯作者:
张　旭(1972－)，男，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事流体动力学研究. E-mail：caepzx@sohu.com

中图分类号: O384
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-11
- 修回日期: 2019-11-30

PDV Technology of Shock Initiation Reaction Process of Insensitive Explosive

Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究A型钝感炸药冲击起爆反应演化过程，进行了火炮驱动蓝宝石飞片的一维平面冲击实验。实验中采用光子多普勒测速仪（Photonic Doppler velocimetry, PDV）技术测量冲击起爆后台阶型炸药的粒子速度。在炸药不同厚度台阶的后界面固定镀铝膜的楔形氟化锂（LiF）窗口，利用阻抗匹配将PDV测量的LiF窗口波后粒子速度转化为炸药样品波后粒子速度。比较组合式电磁粒子速度计和PDV两种测速技术，结果表明，相较于组合式电磁粒子速度计，PDV测量的粒子精度更高。简要分析了PDV测速探头角度、探头孔径、窗口折射率等影响，得到PDV测速的相对不确定度小于1%。
- 光子多普勒测速仪(PDV) /
- 台阶型钝感炸药 /
- 边侧稀疏角 /
- 组合式电磁粒子速度计
Abstract: The shock initiation reaction of A-type insensitive explosive has been investigated by means of the one-dimensional planar impact experiment and photon Doppler velocimetry technique (PDV). In this experiment, a sapphire flyer was launched by the powder gun and then impacted the stepped insensitive explosive A. Meanwhile, the wedge-shaped lithium fluoride (LiF) windows coated with aluminum films were stuck to the different rear interfaces of stepped explosive. Therefore, the particle velocities among these interfaces could be measured. By employing the impedance matching method, the particle velocities in the explosive A were eventually obtained. The experimental results show that the PDV has a higher precision than the multiple electromagnetic particle velocity gauge. The effects of the speed probe’s angle, the probe’s aperture, and the refractive index of the window are briefly analyzed. The relative uncertainty of the measured speed is within 1%.
- photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) /
- stepped insensitive explosive /
- side sparse angle /
- multiple electromagnetic particle velocity gauge

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图 1 PDV实验装置和炸药安装示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of PDV experimental device and explosive installation

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图 2 PDV实验装置及炸药安装实物

Figure 2. Images of PDV experimental device and explosive installation

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图 3 组合式电磁粒子速度计实验装置和炸药安装

Figure 3. Experimental device and explosive installation of multiple electromagnetic particle velocity gauge

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图 4 PDV测量的炸药样品粒子速度-时间关系

Figure 4. Particle velocity-time relationship of explosive measured by PDV

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图 5 组合式电磁粒子速度计测量的粒子速度历史

Figure 5. History of particle velocity measured by multiple electromagnetic particle velocity gauge

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图 6 两种方法测量得到的粒子速度对比

Figure 6. Comparison of particle velocities obtained by two methods

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图 7 PDV探头布置

Figure 7. PDV probe arrangement

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图 8 边侧稀疏的影响

Figure 8. Effect of side sparsity

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表 1 台阶型炸药平面冲击实验参数

Table 1. Parameters of plane impact experiments on stepped explosive

Shot No.	ρ_0S/(g·cm⁻³)	u_imp/(km·s⁻¹)	u_p/(km·s⁻¹)	p₀/GPa
01	1.897	1.385	1.151	10.66
02	1.897	1.502	1.240	11.93
03	1.895	1.550	1.277	12.47

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表 2 台阶型炸药平面冲击实验数据

Table 2. Data of plane impact experiments on stepped explosive

Step thickness/mm	u_w/(km·s⁻¹)			u_s/(km·s⁻¹)			D_S/(km·s⁻¹)
Step thickness/mm	Shot 01	Shot 02	Shot 03	Shot 01	Shot 02	Shot 03	Shot 01	Shot 02	Shot 03
2	0.886	0.982	1.041	1.224	1.334	1.402	5.038	5.273	5.419
3	0.895	0.985	1.033	1.235	1.338	1.393	5.060	5.281	5.399
4	0.895	1.007	1.064	1.235	1.363	1.428	5.060	5.335	5.474
5	0.922	1.030	1.113	1.266	1.389	1.483	5.127	5.390	5.591
7	0.985	1.128	1.383	1.338	1.500	1.782	5.281	5.627	6.232
10	1.075	1.346	1.800	1.439	1.741	2.228	5.498	6.143	7.186

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表 3 炸药二次加速时间间隔

Table 3. Time interval of secondary acceleration of explosive

Shot No.	Δt₂ /μs	Δt₃/μs	Δt₄/μs	Δt₅/μs
01	0.435	0.714	0.962	1.291
02	0.388	0.695	0.833	1.310
03	0.575	0.800	1.085	1.415

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表 4 楔形炸药平面冲击实验参数

Table 4. Parameters of plane impact experiments on wedge-shaped explosive

Shot No.	ρ₀₁/(g·cm⁻³)	ρ₀₂/(g·cm⁻³)	u_imp/(km·s⁻¹)
04	1.898	1.893	1.356
05	1.897	1.894	1.489
06	1.895	1.900	1.567

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表 5 楔形炸药平面冲击实验数据

Table 5. Data of plane impact experiments on wedge-shaped explosive

Depth/mm	D_S/(km·s⁻¹)			u_s/(km·s⁻¹)
Depth/mm	Shot 04	Shot 05	Shot 06	Shot 04	Shot 05	Shot 06
3	4.717	4.748	4.988	1.151	1.263	1.481
4	4.808	5.123	5.470	1.184	1.293	1.335
5	4.659	5.166	5.371	1.191	1.330	1.396
7	4.753	5.274	5.721	1.281	1.537	1.671
10	5.208	6.701	7.417	1.346	2.177	2.041

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表 6 A型炸药平面冲击边侧稀疏波数据（声速C = 5 km/s）

Table 6. Data of sparse waves on the side of flat impact of A explosives (C = 5 km/s)

Shot No.	M₁M₂/mm	M₁M₃/mm	M₁M₄/mm	M₁M₅/mm	M₁M₇/mm	M₁M₁₀/mm
01	1.374	2.048	2.503	3.264	4.225	5.579
02	1.240	1.857	2.436	2.616	3.489	4.245
03	1.088	1.600	1.973	2.393	2.569	2.530

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