装药方式对铜/钢爆炸焊接界面波的影响及波形成机理

缪广红; 马雷鸣; 李雪交; 艾九英; 赵文慧; 马宏昊; 沈兆武

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20190844

装药方式对铜/钢爆炸焊接界面波的影响及波形成机理

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190844

1.
安徽理工大学深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室，安徽淮南　232001
2.
安徽理工大学力学与光电物理学院，安徽淮南　232001
3.
安徽理工大学土木建筑学院，安徽淮南　232001
4.
安徽理工大学化学工程学院，安徽淮南　232001
5.
中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室，中国科学技术大学，安徽合肥　230027

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11902003，51874267）；安徽省高校自然科学基金重点项目（KJ2017A089，KJ2018A0090）；高校优秀青年骨干人才国外访学研修项目（gxgwfx2019017）；安徽省自然科学基金（1808085QA06）

详细信息

作者简介:
缪广红（1985－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事含能材料、爆炸复合及爆炸力学相关研究. E-mail：miaogh@mail.ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-08
- 修回日期: 2019-11-11

Effect of Charge Mode on Interface Wave of Copper/Steel Explosive Welding and Wave Formation Mechanism

1.
State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
School of Mechanics and Optoelectronics Physics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
3.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
4.
School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
5.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 为了改善爆炸焊接质量，解决高噪低效的问题，选取Cu为复板、Q235钢为基板，采用LS-DYNA软件和光滑粒子流体动力学方法分别设计了均匀布药和梯形布药方案，研究了硝铵炸药对爆炸焊接界面波的影响。均匀布药结果显示：沿着爆轰方向碰撞压力逐渐增大；炸药量越多，碰撞压力越大，界面波波形越大。梯形布药方案中，通过改变炸药起爆端和末端的高度，设计了4种方案，结果显示：梯形布药可以消除爆炸焊接界面波不均匀现象，使界面波形尺寸基本保持一致，而且节省了炸药用量；当起爆端和末端的高度分别为67.2 mm和42.0 mm时，波形效果最好。通过研究界面波的形成过程可知，SPH法模拟的界面波形成过程与复板流侵彻机理的一致性较好，证明了复板流侵彻机理解释界面波形成过程的有效性。
- 炸药量 /
- 布药方式 /
- 梯形布药 /
- 界面波
Abstract: In order to improve the quality of explosive welding and to solve the problem of high noise and low efficiency, Cu is selected as the flyer plate and Q235 steel is used as the base plate. The LS-DYNA software and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method are used to design the uniform distribution and the ladder distribution scheme, and the effect of the nitrate explosive on the explosive welding interface wave is studied. The results of the uniform distribution show that the collision pressure gradually increases along the detonation direction; the more amount of explosive, the greater the collision pressure and the higher the interface wave shape . In the ladder distribution scheme, four schemes are designed by changing the height of the initiation and the end of the explosive. The results show that the ladder distribution can eliminate the uneven phenomenon of the interface wave in the explosion welding, and keep the size of interface waveform consistent, and the amount of explosives will be saved. The waveform is best when the height of the initiation and the end of detonation is 67.2 mm and 42.0 mm, respectively. By studying the formation process of interface wave, the SPH results of formation process of interface wave simulated is in good agreement with the jet indentation mechanism, which shows the effectiveness of the jet indentation mechanism to explaining the formation process of interface wave.
- explosive quantity /
- charging mode /
- ladder charge /
- interface wave

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图 1 计算模型

Figure 1. Computational model

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图 2 爆炸焊接窗口

Figure 2. Explosive welding window

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图 3 均匀布药模拟效果图

Figure 3. Simulation effect diagram of uniform charge

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图 4 关键点取样示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of key point sampling

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图 5 关键点碰撞压力值折线

Figure 5. Line diagram of collision pressure of key points

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图 6 梯形装药结构示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of ladder charge structure

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图 7 关键点碰撞压力值折线图

Figure 7. Line diagram of collision pressure of key points

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图 8 波形成示意图

Figure 8. Illustration of wave formation

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表 1 硝铵炸药的JWL状态方程参数

Table 1. JWL EOS parameters of ammonium nitrate explosive

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	D/(m·s⁻¹)	A_J/GPa	B_J/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω
800	2 800	132.75	0.423	5.3	1.2	0.21

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表 2 Cu和Q235钢的Johnson-Cook模型参数

Table 2. Parameters of Johnson-Cook model of Cu and Q235 steel

Material	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	G/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	n	C	m	T_m/K	T_r/K
Cu	8.96	46	0.090	0.292	0.31	0.025	1.09	1 356	294
Q235	7.83	77	0.792	0.510	0.26	0.014	1.03	1 793	294

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表 3 Cu和Q235钢的Grüneisen方程参数

Table 3. Grüneisen EOS parameters of Cu and Q235 steel

Material	c/(km·s⁻¹)	S₁	Γ₀	a
Cu	3.940	1.489	2.02	0.47
Q235	4.569	1.490	2.17	0.46

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表 4 均匀布药方案关键点碰撞压力

Table 4. Collision pressure of key points in uniform charge scheme

Key point	Pressure/GPa		Key point	Pressure/GPa
Key point	R₁ = 1.0	R₂ = 1.5	Key point	R₁ = 1.0	R₂ = 1.5
A₁	0.581	1.602	A₅	4.999	7.086
A₂	1.672	2.002	A₆	5.754	8.576
A₃	4.507	5.289	A₇	0.526	1.031
A₄	4.654	6.191

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表 5 梯形布药方案

Table 5. Ladder charging scheme

Scheme	a/mm	b/mm
Ⅰ	67.2	58.8
Ⅱ	67.2	50.4
Ⅲ	67.2	42.0
Ⅳ	67.2	33.6

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表 6 梯形布药方案关键点碰撞压力

Table 6. Collision pressure of key points of ladder charge scheme

Key point	Pressure/GPa
Key point	Scheme Ⅰ	Scheme Ⅱ	Scheme Ⅲ	Scheme Ⅳ
A₁	1.738	1.158	1.694	0.351
A₂	2.549	2.548	2.141	1.936
A₃	3.839	3.830	3.621	2.776
A₄	5.230	7.547	5.439	5.665
A₅	7.890	8.330	3.413	4.537
A₆	6.423	3.505	3.731	2.064
A₇	0.780	0.431	0.397	0.435

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