金属隔层和空气间隙对钝感炸药冲击起爆的影响

彭文杨; 钟斌; 谷岩; 张旭; 杨舒棋; 舒俊翔; 覃双

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20190816

金属隔层和空气间隙对钝感炸药冲击起爆的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190816

彭文杨^{1, 2,},
钟斌¹,
谷岩^1,*, ,,
张旭¹,
杨舒棋^{1, 2},
舒俊翔¹,
覃双^{1, 2}

1.
中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳　621999
2.
中国工程物理研究院研究生院，四川绵阳　621999

基金项目: 国防技术基础科研项目（JSZL2016212C001）；科学挑战专题（TZ2018001）；军科委基础加强重点项目（2019-JCJQ-ZD-203）

详细信息

作者简介:
彭文杨（1994－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事冲击起爆研究. E-mail: 1028981796@qq.com

通讯作者:
谷　岩（1963－），男，研究员，主要从事爆轰物理研究. E-mail: guyan@caep.cn

中图分类号: O383
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-27
- 修回日期: 2019-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2019-11-25

Effects of Metal Interlayer and Air Gap on the Shock Initiation of Insensitive Explosives

PENG Wenyang^{1, 2
,},
ZHONG Bin¹,
GU Yan^{1,*
, ,},
ZHANG Xu¹,
YANG Shuqi^{1, 2},
SHU Junxiang¹,
QIN Shuang^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
Department of Graduate Students, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为了确定空气间隙和金属隔层对冲击起爆的影响，采用火炮加载蓝宝石飞片冲击起爆$\varnothing $50 mm × 30 mm的A型炸药，产生的冲击波通过空气间隙和金属隔层起爆$\varnothing $50 mm的台阶型B型炸药。在B型炸药的后界面粘贴镀膜氟化锂（LiF）窗口，使用光子多普勒测速仪（PDV）测量金属和B型炸药的后界面速度，进而计算得到金属和B型炸药的冲击波透射压力，再利用阻抗匹配计算得到金属和B型炸药的入射压力。结果表明：传爆药和金属隔层间的空气间隙使冲击压缩过程转变为准等熵压缩和冲击压缩两个过程，同时使冲击波的幅值减小；确定了金属隔层厚度为5 mm时冲击波压力的衰减范围；当使用A型炸药作为传爆药，空气间隙为0.3 mm，金属隔层厚度为5 mm时，B型炸药在7～10 mm之间开始反应。
- 金属隔层 /
- 空气间隙 /
- 冲击起爆 /
- 光子多普勒测速仪（PDV） /
- 台阶型炸药
Abstract: The influences of air gap and metal interlayer on the shock initiation of the $\varnothing $50 mm stepped explosive B have been investigated by means of the sapphire flyer planar impact experiment and photonic doppler velocimetry (PDV) technique. In the experiment, a lithium fluoride (LiF) window was stuck to the rear interface of explosive sample to allow the rear interface velocity between the metal and the sample explosive be measured by PDV technique. Both the transmission shock pressure and the incident shock pressure can be obtained by the impedance-match method. The experiment results have shown that the air gap divided the impact compression process into quasi-isentropic compression and impact compression, respectively, and at the same time, the amplitude of the shock pressure was declined. Specifically, the shock wave attenuation range caused by 5 mm thick metal was achieved. When the explosive A was used as the booster, and with a 0.3 mm thick air gap and 5 mm thick metal experimental setup, the reaction of sample explosive B started in a range from 7 mm to 10 mm.
- metal interlayer /
- air gap /
- shock initiation /
- photonic doppler velocimetry /
- stepped explosive

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图 1 样品架

Figure 1. Sample holder

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图 2 装置示意图

Figure 2. Schematic of the experimental set-up

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图 3 台阶型炸药

Figure 3. Stage explosive

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图 4 金属自由界面速度

Figure 4. Free surface velocities of metal

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图 5 金属自由界面速度局部放大

Figure 5. Local details for free surface velocities of metal

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图 6 炸药样品界面速度剖面

Figure 6. Interface velocities of the sample explosive

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图 7 不同厚度样品的界面速度对比

Figure 7. Interface velocities comparison of the sample with different thicknesses

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图 8 波系图

Figure 8. Wave interaction diagram

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表 1 实验条件

Table 1. Experimental conditions

Shot No.	Dimensions/(mm × mm)				Sample
Shot No.	Booster	Air gap	Metal compartment	Air gap	Sample
01	$\varnothing$50 × 30	$\varnothing $50 × 30	$\varnothing $50 × 5
02	$\varnothing $50 × 30	$\varnothing $50 × 30	$\varnothing $50 × 5
03	$\varnothing $50 × 30	$\varnothing $50 × 30	$\varnothing $50 × 5	$\varnothing $50 × 0.22	Explosive B
04	$\varnothing $50 × 30	$\varnothing $50 × 30	$\varnothing $50 × 5		Explosive B

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表 2 A型炸药和JWL状态方程参数^[14]

Table 2. Parameters of explosive A and JWL equation of state

A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	$\overline \omega $	ρ₁/(g·cm^–3)	D_j/(km·s^–1)	u_j/(km·s^–1)	c_j/(km·s^–1)	p_j/GPa
934.770	12.723	4.6	1.1	0.37	1.863	8.87	2.22	6.65	36.8

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表 3 第1次和第2次金属自由界面速度测试计算结果

Table 3. Computation results of the first and second test for free surface velocities of metal

Shot No.	u₂/(km·s^–1)	D₂/(km·s^–1)	p_2in/ GPa	p_2out/ GPa	Shot No.	u₂/(km·s^–1)	D₂/(km·s^–1)	p_2in/ GPa	p_2out/ GPa
01	1.061	4.703	68.828	45.675	02	0.982	4.654	68.828	41.817
	1.113	4.734	68.828	48.193		1.058	4.700	68.828	45.490
	0.935	4.625	68.828	39.554		1.125	4.742	68.828	48.804
	1.118	4.738	68.828	48.475		1.182	4.777	68.828	51.644
	1.133	4.746	68.828	49.181
	1.095	4.723	68.828	47.304

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表 4 金属自由界面速度测试

Table 4. Test of free surface velocities of metal

Shot No.	p_2in/GPa	p_2out/GPa	η₁/%
01	67.230	45.675	67.94
	67.230	48.193	71.68
	67.230	39.554	58.83
	67.230	48.475	72.10
	67.230	49.181	73.15
	67.230	47.304	70.04
02	67.230	41.817	62.20
	67.230	45.490	67.66
	67.230	48.804	72.59
	67.230	51.644	76.82

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表 5 起跳间隔时间

Table 5. Interval between two accelerations

Step thickness/mm	Interval/μs
Step thickness/mm	1st test	2nd test
2	0.760	0.559
3	0.900	0.882
4	1.335	1.300
5	1.625	1.629

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