枪弹间隙对水下枪内弹道的影响

孟祥宇; 侯健; 秦一平; 廖斐; 鲁春佳

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20190805

枪弹间隙对水下枪内弹道的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190805

海军工程大学，湖北武汉　430000

详细信息

作者简介:
孟祥宇（1995－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事兵器发射与动力推进技术研究.E-mail: 1572981686@qq.com

中图分类号: O389; TJ302
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-04
- 修回日期: 2019-07-30

Influence of Interior Ballistics for Underwater Guns with Gun-Bullet Coupling Gap

Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究枪炮全水下发射过程中枪弹耦合间隙对内弹道特性的影响，运用AUTODYN有限元仿真软件，针对滑膛水下枪枪弹耦合设置0.1 mm间隙与不设置间隙两种情况的内弹道过程进行了数值模拟；采用21、25和30 g装药量对水下枪全水下带间隙发射内弹道过程进行了仿真分析，获得了膛压、射弹速度以及过间隙燃气射流在内弹道过程中组分、压力与速度的分布规律；并设计了实弹射击实验用于验证仿真结果。仿真和实验结果表明，合适的枪炮耦合间隙能够有效地提高水下枪发射性能。当枪弹耦合设置0.1 mm间隙时，采用3种装药量发射均能产生弹前气幕，内弹道过程膛压下降明显，弹丸炮口速度提升较为显著，有利于产生稳定的超空泡包裹弹体，使其在水下运动时所受阻力大大降低，从而增加射弹水下行程。
- 水下枪 /
- 超空泡 /
- 枪弹耦合间隙 /
- 内弹道 /
- 气液两相流
Abstract: In this paper, the influence of the gun-bullet coupling gap on the internal ballistic characteristics during the full underwater launch of the gun have been studied. The internal ballistic process of setting 0.1 mm gap and no gap is simulated by AUTODYN finite element simulation software. And the internal ballistic process of underwater gun with underwater clearance is simulated using 21, 25 and 30 g propellant. The projectile velocity, pressure inside the barrel and the distribution of components, pressure and velocity of over-gap gas jets during the internal ballistic process are obtained from the simulation, and the simulation results is verified by experiment. The simulation and experimental results show that the proper gun coupling gap can effectively improve the underwater gun launch performance. When the gun-bullet coupling gap is set as 0.1 mm, the gas curtain are all obtained from the propellant with three different masses. Meanwhile, the pressure decreased obviously during the internal ballistic process, and the projectile speed at muzzle is improved significantly, which is beneficial to the production of stable supercavitation warp projectile. The resistance of the projectile moving underwater reduces greatly and the travel of the projectile increases underwater.
- underwater gun /
- supercavitation /
- gun-bullet coupling gap /
- interior ballistics /
- gas-liquid two-phase flow

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图 1 水下枪枪弹耦合带间隙发射物理模型

Figure 1. Physical model of underwater gun-bomb coupling gap launch

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图 2 水下枪带间隙发射计算域

Figure 2. Computational domain of underwater gap launch

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图 3 网格无关性验证

Figure 3. Grid independence verification

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图 4 网格划分示意图

Figure 4. Diagram of meshing

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图 5 2.5 ms时刻内弹道组分分布

Figure 5. Internal ballistic component distribution at 2.5 ms

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图 6 无间隙与间隙0.1 mm两种情况的内弹道参数变化曲线

Figure 6. Variation curves of internal ballistic parameters of the launching with no gap and 0.1 mm gap

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图 7 不同装药情况下内弹道参数变化曲线

Figure 7. Variation curves of internal ballistic parameters of the launching with different propellants

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图 8 膛内气液组分分布

Figure 8. Distribution of gas and liquid components in the crucible

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图 9 气液流速分布

Figure 9. Gas-liquid flow rate distribution

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图 10 压力云图

Figure 10. Pressure distribution

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图 11 实验系统示意图

Figure 11. Schematic of experiment system

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图 12 测试系统框图

Figure 12. Diagram of testing system

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图 13 线圈靶测速原理

Figure 13. Principle of magnetic velocity measurement

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图 14 有、无间隙两种情况下膛压的测试曲线

Figure 14. Pressure curve of the launching with no gap and 0.1 mm gap

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图 15 测速系统及高速摄影结果

Figure 15. Results of speed measuring system and high speed camera

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图 16 不同装药量条件下膛压测试曲线

Figure 16. Pressure curve of different propellants

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图 17 膛压仿真测试对比曲线

Figure 17. Pressure comparison of simulation and experiment

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表 1 发射药材料参数

Table 1. Material parameters of propellant

Reacted EOS
G/mm^–1		c	C₁/(m·s^–1)	C₂		D/(g·cm^–3)	e_g·ρ_ref/(GJ·m^–3)
52.17		0.5	500	0		1.003 3	1.88

Solid unreacted EOS						Strength: von Mises
Bulk modulus/ GPa		T_ref/K	Specific heat/ (J·kg^–1·K^–1)	κ / (W·m^–1·K^–1)		Shear modulus/ GPa	Yield stress/ MPa
13.5		293	0	0		1.38	2

Strength: von Mises		Cut offs
Maximum temperature/K		ρ_ref/(g·cm^–3)	Maximum expansion	Minimum density factor		Minimum sound speed/(m·s^–1)	Maximum sound speed/(m·s^–1)
1.01 × 10²⁰		1.86	0.01	1 × 10^–4		1 × 10^–6	1 × 10⁴

Exponential
p_g/kPa	b/(m·s^–1)			ρ_s/(g·cm^–3)	γ
1.00 × 10^–5	0.007 1			1 × 10^–6	1
2.50 × 10⁶	2.043 2			1	1
5.00 × 10⁶	3.869 2			2	1
7.50 × 10⁶	5.623 6			3	1
1.00 × 10⁷	7.332 9			4	1
1.25 × 10⁷	9.009 5			5	1
1.50 × 10⁷	10.660 6			6	1
1.75 × 10⁷	12.290 6			7	1
2.00 × 10⁷	13.902 9			8	1
1.00 × 10⁹	515.278 0			9	1

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表 2 AUTODYN 程序提供的水多项式状态方程参数

Table 2. The polymerization EOS parameters of water provided by the AUTODYN program

A₁/GPa	A₂/GPa	A₃/GPa	T₁/GPa	T₂/GPa	B₀	B₁
2.2	9.54	14.57	2.2	0	0.28	0.28

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表 3 水下射弹实验与数值计算结果

Table 3. Experiment and numerical calculation results of underwater launch

Propellant/ g	Experimental results						Simulation results
Propellant/ g	Exp. No.	Maximum pressure/ MPa	Velocity before the muzzle (1 m)/(m·s^–1)	Muzzle velocity/ (m·s^–1)	Average pressure/ MPa	Average velocity/ (m·s^–1)	Maximum pressure/ MPa	Muzzle velocity/ (m·s^–1)
21	1	209.9	638.6	659.8	217.8	667.1	223.5	671.7
21	2	225.7	651.4	674.3	217.8	667.1	223.5	671.7
25	1	253.6	771.5	796.1	250.7	799.9	271.3	814.2
25	2	247.8	778.2	803.7	250.7	799.9	271.3	814.2
30	1	413.8	842.7	879.2	427.8	888.0	422.9	883.5
30	2	441.7	865.8	896.7	427.8	888.0	422.9	883.5

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