相干衍射成像的相位复原及重建

康旭; 刘进

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20190761

相干衍射成像的相位复原及重建

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190761

康旭,
刘进^*, ,

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳　621999

详细信息

作者简介:
康　旭（1989－），男，博士，助理研究员，主要从事X射线成像研究. E-mail：kxu@mail.ustc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刘　进（1978－），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事X射线成像研究. E-mail：ljin_ifp@caep.cn

中图分类号: O434.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-18
- 修回日期: 2019-05-14

Phase Retrieval and Reconstruction of Coherent Diffraction Imaging

KANG Xu,
LIU Jin^{*
, ,}

Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, China

摘要

摘要: 相干衍射成像是一种对材料体密度敏感的超高分辨成像技术。相较于传统表面敏感的超高分辨成像技术，相干衍射成像利用了硬X射线的强穿透能力，可以深入材料体内部进行成像，且成像分辨能力可以根据成像布局进行调整，最高达到原子级空间分辨能力。这种灵活的空间分辨调整依赖于相干衍射成像独特的相位复原技术，即通过对图像成像强度的过采样，利用含约束的迭代算法同时获得光场的强度及相位，进而对样品进行重建；同时结合图像定向及组合技术，相干衍射成像可以实现对样品的三维重建。本文主要从成像原理、复原算法和重建方法介绍相干衍射成像技术，并结合实验进展及模拟研究展示该技术在多种重建情形下具备的诊断能力，以期较为全面地给出相干衍射成像技术的发展趋势。
- 相干衍射成像 /
- 相位复原 /
- 二维重建 /
- 三维重建
Abstract: The coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is an ultra-high resolution imaging technique that is sensitive to the density of the material. Compared to the surface-sensitive imaging methods with ultra-high resolution, the CDI is able to probe the interior of the sample by taking advantages of hard X-rays. According to the imaging layout, the space resolution of CDI is variable and can reach up to an atomic scale. This feature depends on the iterative phase retrieval method that almost becomes the signature of CDI. Based on oversampling a sample in a detected image, the phase and intensity of X-ray beam can be retrieved simultaneously by iterative calculations with constraints, and then are used to reconstruct the sample. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional reconstruction could be realized by combining image orientating and merging techniques. Here we present the imaging theory, phase retrieval and reconstruction methods of the CDI technique, and its diagnostic ability in a variety of reconstruction situations by experimental and simulation examples, to hopefully provide a systematic introduction of its development.
- coherent diffraction imaging /
- phase retrieval /
- two-dimensional reconstruction /
- three-dimensional reconstruction

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图 1 散射过程的几何布局

Figure 1. Geometric setup of scattering process

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图 2 相位复原流程图

Figure 2. Flowsheet of phase retrieval

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图 3 Miao等^[15]实验样品（a）及重建结果（b）

Figure 3. The experimental sample (a) and its reconstruction result (b) in the work of Miao et al.^[15]

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图 4 染色体的三维CDI实验

Figure 4. Three-dimensional CDI experiment of chromosome

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图 5 病毒的XFEL成像实验

Figure 5. The images of a virus by XFEL source

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图 6 GaN量子点CDI实验

Figure 6. CDI experiment of GaN quantum dot

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图 7 银立方体的CDI成像

Figure 7. CDI experiment of silver cube

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图 8 模拟的超高分辨二维CDI实验

Figure 8. Simulation of 2-dimensional CDI experiment with ultra-high resolution

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图 9 扫描型CDI重建结果^[22]

Figure 9. The reconstruction result of scanning-CDI^[22]

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图 10 布拉格型CDI实验重建的样品相位

Figure 10. The reconstructed phase in Bragg-CDI experiment

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