爆炸烧结制备W-Al含能结构材料及其准静态压缩特性研究

王比; 安二峰; 陈鹏万; 周强; 高鑫

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20190753

爆炸烧结制备W-Al含能结构材料及其准静态压缩特性研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190753

北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京　100081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年基金（11402026）

详细信息

作者简介:
王　比（1993－），男，硕士，主要从事铝基含能材料制备及其性能表征研究.E-mail：1244538448@qq.com

通讯作者:
周　强（1983－），男，博士，特别副研究员，主要从事材料冲击动力学、爆炸加工等研究.E-mail：zqpcgm@gmail.com

中图分类号: O521.9; TG392
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-01
- 修回日期: 2019-04-13
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-25

Fabrication of W-Al Energetic Structural Materials by Explosive Consolidation and Investigation of Its Quasi-Static Compression Properties

State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 通过爆炸烧结法，采用不同粒度的W、Al混合粉末，成功制备了近乎致密的W-Al含能结构材料（ESM）。研究发现:冲击波压力是粉末致密化的主导因素，粉末粒径对烧结密度和微观结构的影响显著，W的粒径越小，颗粒团聚越明显，从而阻碍致密化，在致密块体中形成连续分布的W相。所制备样品的最大抗压强度和失效应变分别达到288 MPa和20%，材料的力学性能和断裂模式主要取决于连续相，Al相连续的ESM抗压强度低、塑性较好，呈轴向劈裂破坏；而W相连续的ESM则表现出脆性和高抗压强度，破坏模式为剪切破坏，与Al的低强度高塑性和W高强度脆性特性一致。
- W-Al /
- 含能结构材料 /
- 爆炸烧结 /
- 微观结构
Abstract: Nearly fully dense W-Al energetic structural material (ESM) was successfully prepared by explosive sintering with W and Al powder with different particle sizes. It was found that shock wave pressure is the dominant factor for powder densification and the particle size of powder has a significant influence on the final density and microstructure of the compacted ESM. The smaller the W particle size is, the more severely the W particle agglomerate, which hinders the densification, leading to the formation of continuous W phase in the compacted ESM. The maximum compressive strength and failure strain of the sample reach 288 MPa and 20%, respectively. The mechanical properties and fracture mode of the consolidated material depend on the continuous phase, the ESM with continuous Al phase presents low compressive strength and good ductility with anaxial split failure, while the one with continuous W phase shows brittleness and high compressive strength with a shear failure, which is consistent with the properties of Al and W, respectively.
- W-Al /
- energetic structural material /
- explosive sintering /
- microstructure

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图 1 不同W粒径的W-Al粉末SEM图

Figure 1. SEM micrographs of the origin powders with various W particle size

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图 2 V型混料机（a）和样品管（b）

Figure 2. V-blender (a) and sample tube (b)

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图 3 柱面单管爆炸烧结实验装置

Figure 3. Single tube explosive setup for the explosive shock consolidation of powder mixtures

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图 4 试验回收的样品管（a）和烧结样品（b）

Figure 4. The recovered sample tubes (a) and the sample (b)

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图 5 线扫描EDS图像

Figure 5. EDS diagram of line scanning

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图 6 样品的XRD谱

Figure 6. XRD patterns of samples

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图 7 疏松物质压力-比容曲线（a）及炸药与材料相互作用曲线（b）^[19]

Figure 7. p-V curve of porous material (a) and explosive-material interaction curve (b)^[19]

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图 8 W-Al材料的横截面SEM图

Figure 8. Cross-sectional SEM micrographs of W-Al consolidated mixtures

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图 9 准静态压缩下样品的应力-应变曲线

Figure 9. Stress-strain curve of quasi-static compression

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图 10 准静态加载条件下W-Al压缩宏观变形形貌

Figure 10. The morphologies of the samples before and after quasi-static compression

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图 11 准静态加载下两种不同失效形式的SEM图像

Figure 11. SEM image of different fracture failure mode of samples under quasi-static loading

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表 1 试验结果

Table 1. Results of compression experiments

No.	W/Al particle type	(ρ_I/ρ_T)/%	(ρ_F/ρ_T)/%	Compressive strength/MPa	Fracture strain/%	Intermetallic
1	A：10–20 μm	61.0	99.4	207	15	None
2	A：10–20 μm	69.7	100.0	193	15	None
3	A：10–20 μm	80.6	100.0	204	20	None
4	B：5–10 μm	50.0	96.5	288	8	None
5	B：5–10 μm	61.4	98.7	261	10	None
6	C：1–5 μm	62.1	95.7	241	7	None
7	C：1–5 μm	68.3	96.1	244	6	None
8	C：1–5 μm	73.3	96.4	246	7	None
Note: ρ_I, ρ_T and ρ_F are initial, final and theoretical densities, respectively.

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