压缩载荷作用下锂离子电池的安全性能

范文杰; 薛鹏程; 王根伟; 王彬

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20190752

压缩载荷作用下锂离子电池的安全性能

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190752

范文杰^1,,
薛鹏程¹,
王根伟^{1, 2,*, ,},
王彬^{1, 3}

1.
太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院，应用力学研究所，山西太原　030024
2.
材料强度与结构冲击山西省重点实验室，山西太原　030024
3.
布鲁内尔大学物理科学、设计与机械学院，英国伦敦 UB83PH

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11872265）；山西省青年科技研究基金（201701D221142）

详细信息

作者简介:
范文杰(1991－)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事动力电池在机械滥用下安全性能研究.E-mail: 852591416@qq.com

通讯作者:
王根伟(1974－)，男，博士，副教授，主要从事新能源汽车安全与轻量化研究.E-mail: gwang@tyut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O348.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-03-30
- 修回日期: 2019-04-16

Safety Performance of Power Lithium Ion Battery under Compressive Load

FAN Wenjie^1
,,
XUE Pengcheng¹,
WANG Genwei^{1, 2,*
, ,},
WANG Bin^{1, 3}

1.
Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Material Strength and Structure Impact in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China
3.
College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University, London UB83PH, UK

摘要

摘要: 动力电池的安全性是制约电动汽车快速发展的重要因素之一。以圆柱形18650动力锂离子电池为研究对象，分别从径向和轴向对不同荷电状态的单体电池进行压缩加载实验，研究了锂离子电池在载荷作用过程中的力学响应、电压变化、温度变化以及失效破坏模式。结果表明：荷电状态、加载速度以及加载方向的不同都会对锂离子电池的安全性能产生一定的影响。电池在发生较大变形时会出现电解液泄漏和瞬间短路现象，短路后电池的温度在短时间内会急剧升高。在径向压缩实验中，当荷电状态较高、加载速度较快时，电池在发生变形后会出现爆炸喷火等剧烈的热失控现象。研究锂离子电池在受到外载荷作用时的机械完整性对汽车的安全性设计具有十分重要的意义。
- 锂离子电池 /
- 准静态压缩 /
- 机械完整性 /
- 热失控 /
- 荷电状态
Abstract: The safety of power batteries is one of the important factors that restrict the rapid development of electric vehicles. In this paper, cylindrical 18650 power lithium ion batteries with different state-of-charge (SOC) were compressed in the radial and axial directions respectively to study the mechanical response, voltage change, temperature change and failure process. The results show that the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries was influenced by SOC, loading speed and loading direction. During the process of compression, electrolyte leakage and instantaneous short circuit may occur, and the temperature of the battery will be rised sharply in a short time after short circuit coming up. During the radial compression process, the phenomena of severe thermal runaway such as explosion and fire will happen for combination of higher SOC and higher loading speed. Therefore, it is important to study the mechanical integrity of lithium-ion batteries under external loads for the safety design of automobiles.
- lithium ion battery /
- quasi-static compression /
- mechanical integrity /
- thermal runaway /
- state-of-charge

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图 1 万能试验机

Figure 1. Universal testing machine

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图 2 红外热像仪

Figure 2. Infrared thermal camera

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图 3 不同荷电状态电池载荷-变形曲线

Figure 3. Load-deformation curves of different SOC batteries

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图 4 压缩后锂离子电池的横截面

Figure 4. Cross section of the deformed lithium ion battery

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图 5 不同荷电状态电池电压-变形曲线

Figure 5. Voltage-deformation curves of different SOC batteries

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图 6 电池在不同加载速度下的载荷-变形曲线

Figure 6. Load-deformation curves of battery at different loading speeds

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图 7 电池在不同加载速度下的电压-变形曲线

Figure 7. Voltage-deformation curve of battery at different loading speeds

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图 8 不同压缩速度下电池失效后表面温度分布

Figure 8. Temperature of battery surface after failure at different compression speeds

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图 9 轴向压缩载荷-时间曲线和温度-时间曲线

Figure 9. Load-time curve and temperature-time curve of battery under axial compression

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