Material Phase Evolution in Hypervelocity Impact Process
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摘要: 在碰撞速度大于10 km/s的超高速碰撞问题中，弹体材料大部分发生液化、汽化，以现有技术手段对此类问题进行实验研究存在一定难度。为深入了解超高速碰撞过程中材料物相的演化规律，揭示不同密度、熔点的材料在超高速碰撞过程中的物相演化特征，采用物质点法，结合GRAY三相物态方程，对铜、镍、铝3种金属材料的超高速碰撞问题进行数值模拟研究，得到不同碰撞速度下弹体材料物相分布随时间变化曲线，并总结出材料特性和碰撞速度对物相演化的影响规律，为开展超高速碰撞等效实验提供参考。Abstract: It is generally known that phase evolution characteristics of materials under hypervelocity impact obtained are limited by experiments. In this paper, the material point method and GRAY three-phase equation of state were combined to simulate the hypervelocity impact of Cu-Cu, Ni-Ni and Al-Al at different velocities, and the relations between phase distribution and time were obtained. The numerical results show that the phase evolution character of the material with higher density and lower melting point at lower velocity impact is similar to the material with lower density and higher melting point at higher velocity impact. Therefore, the phase evolution characteristics of material with higher density and lower melting under hypervelocity impact point could provide reference to the experiment of common structure materials such as Al under hypervelocity impact.
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Key words:
- hypervelocity impact /
- material point method /
- phase evolution /
- impact velocity
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图 1 数值模拟结果与4-1352实验结果的对比
Figure 1. Comparison between numerical result and experimental result of 4-1352
图 2 数值模拟结果与4-1432实验结果的对比
Figure 2. Comparison between numerical result and experimental result of 4-1432
图 3 铜弹-铜靶在不同碰撞速度下的碎片云
Figure 3. Debris clouds of Cu-Cu hypervelocity impacts at different impact velocities
图 4 物相分布随时间变化曲线（铜弹-铜靶超高速碰撞）
Figure 4. The relation curves of phase distribution vs. time (Hypervelocity impact of Cu-Cu)
图 5 物相分布随时间变化曲线（镍弹-镍靶超高速碰撞）
Figure 5. The relation curves of phase distribution vs. time (Hypervelocity impact of Ni-Ni)
图 6 物相分布随时间变化曲线（铝弹-铝靶超高速碰撞）
Figure 6. The relation curves of phase distribution vs. time (Hypervelocity impact of Al-Al)
图 7 物相分布随碰撞速度变化曲线
Figure 7. The relation curves of phase distribution vs. impact velocity
图 8 铜弹-铜靶和铝弹-铝靶碰撞产生的碎片云对比
Figure 8. Comparison of debris clouds formed by hypervelocity impact between Cu-Cu and Al-Al
表 1 材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters
Material G0/GPa A/MPa B/MPa C n m Al 27.6 265 426 0.015 0.34 1.00 Cu 43.9 90 292 0.025 0.31 1.09 Ni 80.2 163 648 0.006 0.33 1.44 
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A1 物态方程参数
A1. Parameters of equation of state
Material G/(Pa·cm3·mol–1·K–2) Vb /V0 VJ /V0 ${a_{\rm y}' }$/(GPa·cm6·g–2) M/(g·mol–1) Al 870 0.53 1.347 1 6 450 27.0 Cu 490 0.50 1.401 3 868 63.5 Ni 1 010 0.51 1.407 5 1 190 58.7
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