碳化硼陶瓷复合靶板抗侵彻性能实验研究

任文科; 高光发; 朴春华; 张扬; 徐同昆; 赵斌

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20180657

碳化硼陶瓷复合靶板抗侵彻性能实验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20180657

任文科^1,,
高光发^1,*, ,,
朴春华²,
张扬²,
徐同昆²,
赵斌³

1.
南京理工大学，江苏南京　210094
2.
黑龙江北方工具有限公司，黑龙江牡丹江　157013
3.
中国兵器工业第五二研究所烟台分所，山东烟台　264001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11472008，11772160，11202206）；江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目（KYCX18_0463）

详细信息

作者简介:
任文科（1992－），男，博士研究生，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail: wenkeren@live.com

通讯作者:
高光发（1980－），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail: gfgao@ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-15
- 修回日期: 2019-01-07

Experimental Study of Ballistic Performance for Boron Carbide Ceramic Composite Targets

1.
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2.
Heilongjiang North Tool Co., Ltd, Mudanjiang 157013, China
3.
No.52 Institute of China, North Industries Group Yantai Branch, Yantai 264001, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究碳化硼陶瓷的抗侵彻性能，开展了$ \varnothing$12.7 mm钢球侵彻碳化硼陶瓷及复合靶板、12.7 mm长杆弹侵彻超高分子量聚乙烯纤维（UHMWPE）约束碳化硼陶瓷复合靶板实验，讨论了碳化硼陶瓷的破坏模式，研究了约束方式对碳化硼陶瓷抗侵彻性能的影响。结果表明：在钛合金/UHMWPE背板约束作用下，弹丸与陶瓷的相互作用时间更长，产生更细的陶瓷粉末，大尺寸碎片含量减少，吸收的能量更多，陶瓷的抗侵彻性能进一步提高；背板在弹体和陶瓷锥的共同冲击下，造成钛合金的花瓣形卷边破坏，UHMWPE层合板伴随着较大范围的层间分层，形成“X”形隆起现象；采用纤维约束陶瓷，使碳化硼陶瓷板在子弹侵彻时能够保持完整，增强了对弹体的磨蚀作用，提高了抗弹性能，具有一定的抗多次打击能力。通过分析碳化硼陶瓷复合装甲的抗侵彻机理，为今后复合装甲的优化设计提供了参考依据。
- 碳化硼陶瓷 /
- 侵彻 /
- 陶瓷复合靶板 /
- 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维 /
- 三维约束
Abstract: In order to investigate the ballistic performance of boron carbide ceramics, we carried out experiments of a ${\varnothing}$12.7 mm steel ball penetrating the boron carbide ceramic and composite target, and a 12.7 mm long-rod projectile penetrating the boron carbide ceramic composite target constrained by the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. In the experiments, the failure mode of boron carbide ceramics was discussed, and the influence of the constraint mode of ballistic performance on boron carbide ceramics was studied. The results show that under the constraint of titanium alloy/UHMWPE backing plate, the interaction time between projectile and ceramic is longer, which could create finer ceramic powder and decrease the size of fragments. Hence, as the carbide ceramics absorb more energy, it could achieve better ballistic performance. As the result of the combination of the projectile and the ceramic cone, the titanium alloy back plate was damaged, forming the petal shape. And the UHMWPE laminate is accompanied by a large-scale interlayer delamination, forming an " X”-shaped bulging phenomenon. The fiber-constrained ceramics enable the boron carbide ceramic plate to remain intact when the bullet penetrates, enhance the abrasive effect on the projectile, improve the elastic resistance, and have a certain resistance against multiple impacts. Besides, the anti-penetration mechanism of boron carbide ceramic composite armor has also been analyzed, and we hope this paper can help with the optimization design of composite armor in the future.
- boron carbide ceramic /
- penetration /
- ceramic composite target /
- ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber /
- three-dimensional constraint

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图 1 实验弹体

Figure 1. Experimental projectile

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图 2 高速摄影测量系统

Figure 2. High speed photography system

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图 3 3种碳化硼陶瓷靶板

Figure 3. Three kinds of B₄C ceramics targets

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图 4 陶瓷试件与约束方案

Figure 4. B₄C ceramics and two different designs of constrains

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图 5 12.7 mm长杆弹

Figure 5. 12.7 mm long-rod projectile

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图 6 弹丸测速装置

Figure 6. Projectile speed measuring instruments

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图 7 钢球撞击碳化硼/钛合金/UHMWPE复合靶板过程(2×10⁴fps)

Figure 7. Penetration process of steel ball to B₄C/titanium alloy/UHMWPE composite target (2×10⁴ frames/s)

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图 8 钢球撞击碳化硼陶瓷靶板过程(2×10⁴ 幅/秒)

Figure 8. Penetration process of steel ball to B₄C ceramics (2×10⁴ frames/s)

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图 9 侵彻实验产生的碳化硼陶瓷碎片

Figure 9. Fragments of B₄C ceramics in penetration experiments

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图 10 剩余速度与入射速度的关系

Figure 10. Relationship between residual velocity and initial velocity

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图 11 碳化硼/钛合金/UHMWPE复合靶板破坏形貌

Figure 11. Damage view of B₄C/titanium alloy/UHMWPE composite target

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图 12 钛合金/UHMWPE复合靶板破坏形貌

Figure 12. Damage morphology of titanium alloy/UHMWPE composites plate

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图 13 实验前、后弹丸对比

Figure 13. Pictures of projectiles before and after experiment

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图 14 弹坑深度

Figure 14. Depth of craters

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图 15 纤维约束B₄C陶瓷破坏形貌

Figure 15. Damage morphology of fiber constrained B₄C ceramics

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表 1 弹头及靶板材料的性能参数

Table 1. Mechanical properties of projectiles and targets

Material	ρ/(g·cm^–3)	E/GPa	Poisson’s ratio	Tensile strength/MPa	Yield strength/MPa
GCr15 steel	7.83	217	0.3	861.3	518.4
TC₄	4.45	114	0.3	1000±50
UHMWPE fibers	0.97	124		3340

Material	ρ/(g·cm^–3)	E/GPa	Compressive strength/GPa	Fracture toughness/(MPa·m^1/2)	Vickers hardness/GPa
B₄C	2.51	450	1.96	2.6 ± 0.15	24.5±1.0

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表 2 靶板结构和实验结果（${\varnothing} $12.7 mm钢球）

Table 2. Targets construction and experimental results (${\varnothing} $12.7 mm projectile)

Target No.	Target structure	Area density/ (kg·m^–2)	Thickness/ mm	Mass/ g	Initial velocity/(m·s^–1)	Residual velocity/(m·s^–1)	Damage
A1	B₄C/TC₄/UHMWPE/TC₄	47.6	18.54	8.36	1194.2		Unpenetrated
A2	B₄C/TC₄/UHMWPE/TC₄	47.9	18.55	8.36	1044.5		Unpenetrated
A3	B₄C/TC₄/UHMWPE/TC₄	47.2	18.63	8.36	947.4		Unpenetrated
A4	B₄C/TC₄/UHMWPE/TC₄	47.6	18.82	8.36	890.0		Unpenetrated
B1	TC₄/UHMWPE	31.5	17.91	8.36	1284.8	805.3	Penetrated
B2	TC₄/UHMWPE	32.6	17.84	8.36	1061.8	716.7	Penetrated
B3	TC₄/UHMWPE	30.7	17.91	8.36	958.1	574.5	Penetrated
B4	TC₄/UHMWPE	32.7	17.85	8.36	940.5	478.3	Penetrated
C1	B₄C ceramics	32.0	10.06	8.36	1244.0	840.0	Penetrated
C2	B₄C ceramics	32.0	10.06	8.36	1136.6	520.2	Penetrated
C3	B₄C ceramics	32.0	10.05	8.36	1050.0	507.7	Penetrated
C4	B₄C ceramics	31.9	10.03	8.36	1139.6	570.0	Penetrated

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表 3 靶板结构和实验结果（12.7 mm长杆弹）

Table 3. Targets construction and experimental results (12.7 mm long-rod projectile)

Target No.	Target structure	Projectile mass/g	Projectile velocity/(m·s^–1)	Damage
1	B₄C/20 mm aluminum plate	24.90	618.1	Unpenetrated
2	Fiber constrained plan 1/20 mm aluminum plate	24.85	643.5	Penetrated
3	Fiber constrained plan 2/20 mm aluminum plate	24.99	630.2	Penetrated
4	Fiber constrained plan 1/20 mm aluminum plate	24.96	658.2	Penetrated
5	B₄C/20 mm steel place	24.97	641.4	Unpenetrated
6	Fiber constrained plan 1/20 mm steel place	24.96	622.8	Unpenetrated

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