聚苯乙烯泡沫材料的动态压缩特性

雷忠琦; 姚小虎; 龙舒畅; 常建虎; 王海波

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20180655

聚苯乙烯泡沫材料的动态压缩特性

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20180655

1.
华南理工大学土木与交通学院力学系，广东广州　510640
2.
合肥美的电冰箱有限公司，安徽合肥　230601

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11672110）

详细信息

作者简介:
雷忠琦（1993－），男，硕士，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail: lzq000@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
姚小虎（1974－），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事冲击动力学及纳米力学研究. E-mail: yaoxh@scut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-15
- 修回日期: 2018-11-12

Dynamic Compression Characteristics of Polystyrene Foam Materials

1.
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
2.
Hefei Midea Refrigerator Division, Hefei 230601, China

摘要

摘要: 通过万能材料试验机和落锤式冲击试验装置，对发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫材料进行准静态和动态压缩试验，探讨密度和加载速率对材料动态压缩特性的影响。基于落锤试验数据，考虑密度相关性，通过修正得到恒定应变率下材料动态本构关系的经验公式。基于LS-DYNA中的MAT57和MAT163以及ABAQUS中的Low Density Foam和Crushable Foam 4种材料模型，建立了适用于有限元仿真的发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫本构模型。通过模拟落锤冲击过程，对比试验结果发现：MAT163和Crushable Foam模型能较好地预测材料动态响应和能量吸收性能，验证了动态本构模型的可靠性，并且这两种特定的材料模型在模拟发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫冲击碰撞时具有良好的适用性。
- 聚苯乙烯泡沫 /
- 应变率 /
- 密度 /
- 动态压缩特性 /
- 本构模型
Abstract: The quasi-static and dynamic compression tests of expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam material were carried out through a universal material tester and a drop-weight impact machine. The density and loading rate effects of the dynamic compression characteristics for the polystyrene foam material were discussed. By considering the density correlation, the empirical formula of dynamic constitutive relation under constant strain rate was modified based on the drop-weight test data. The constitutive model of EPS foam was established based on the material finite element models of MAT57, MAT163 in LS-DYNA, and Low Density Foam and Crushable Foam in ABAQUS. By simulating the impact process of drop-weight and comparing with the test results, it shows that MAT163 and Crushable Foam model can predict the dynamic response and energy absorption performance better. The results verify the reliability of the dynamic constitutive model. Meanwhile, it shows that these two specific material models have good applicability in simulating the impact problem of EPS foam.
- polystyrene foam /
- strain rate /
- density /
- dynamic compression characteristics /
- constitutive model

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图 1 试样变形前后对比

Figure 1. Comparison of deformation before and after test

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图 2 在不同应变率准静态压缩下EPS28泡沫的应力-应变曲线

Figure 2. Stress-strain curve of EPS28 foam under quasi-static compression test with different strain rates

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图 3 不同密度EPS泡沫在准静态（0.001 s^–1）压缩下的应力-应变曲线

Figure 3. Stress-strain curves of EPS foam with different densities under quasi-static compression test (0.001 s^–1)

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图 4 EPS25在不同速度冲击下的应力-应变曲线

Figure 4. Stress-strain curve of EPS25 under different impact velocities

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图 5 不同密度EPS泡沫在3.960 m/s冲击下的应力-应变曲线

Figure 5. Stress-strain curve of EPS foam with different densities under the impact velocity of 3.960 m/s

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图 6 不同密度EPS的应变率与CDIF的关系

Figure 6. Strain rate vs. CDIF for EPS with different densities

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图 7 恒定应变率下EPS28的动态压缩本构曲线

Figure 7. Dynamic compression constitutive curve of EPS28 under constant strain rate

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图 8 率相关加/卸载应力-应变曲线

Figure 8. Rate-dependent loading/unloading stress-strain curves

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图 9 各项同性硬化模型的屈服面演化

Figure 9. Evolution of yield surface for isotropic hardened models

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图 10 率相关加载应力-应变曲线及弹性卸载行为

Figure 10. Rate-dependent loading stress-strain curves and elastic unloading behavior

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图 11 EPS泡沫有限元模型变形前后对比

Figure 11. Comparison of EPS foam FEA model before and after deformation

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图 12 H=0.2 m时EPS28仿真结果与试验结果对比

Figure 12. Simulated and experimental results comparison of H=0.2 m for EPS28

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图 13 H=0.5 m时EPS28仿真结果与试验结果对比

Figure 13. Simulated and experimental results comparison of H=0.5 m for EPS28

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图 14 H=0.8 m时EPS28仿真结果与试验结果对比

Figure 14. Simulated and experimental results comparison of H=0.8 m for EPS28

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表 1 EPS落锤试验工况

Table 1. Experimental conditions of EPS

Size of specimen/（mm×mm×mm）	Density of EPS/(kg·m^–3)	Mass of drop-hammer/kg	Drop height/m
100×100×20	20，25，28	9.8648	0.2，0.5，0.8

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表 2 EPS在20%应变处的应力与压缩动态增长因子

Table 2. Stress and CDIF of EPS at 20% strain

EPS28			EPS25			EPS20
Strain rate/s^–1	Stress/MPa	CDIF	Strain rate/s^–1	Stress/MPa	CDIF	Strain rate/s^–1	Stress/MPa	CDIF
0.001	0.212	1.000	0.001	0.178	1.000	0.001	0.144	1.000
0.01	0.244	1.147	0.01	0.197	1.102	0.01	0.159	1.100
76.50	0.282	1.325	80.25	0.235	1.319	87.00	0.170	1.180
140.50	0.314	1.478	144.00	0.251	1.408	148.50	0.182	1.262
184.75	0.352	1.657	188.25	0.266	1.492	191.00	0.199	1.379

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表 3 EPS在30%应变处的应力与压缩动态增长因子

Table 3. Stress and CDIF of EPS at 30% strain

EPS28			EPS25			EPS20
Strain rate/s^–1	Stress/MPa	CDIF	Strain rate/s^–1	Stress/MPa	CDIF	Strain rate/s^–1	Stress/MPa	CDIF
0.001	0.235	1.000	0.001	0.201	1.000	0.001	0.162	1.000
0.01	0.269	1.144	0.01	0.222	1.104	0.01	0.177	1.095
54.75	0.305	1.298	63.25	0.261	1.302	76.00	0.195	1.201
129.00	0.335	1.427	134.75	0.273	1.358	142.00	0.207	1.280
174.75	0.371	1.580	181.50	0.285	1.422	185.75	0.221	1.362

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表 4 基于Crushable Foam模型的EPS28材料参数

Table 4. EPS28 material parameters based on crushable foam model

Elastic parameters			Plastic parameters
Poisson’s ratio	Modulus/ MPa	Density/ (kg·m^–3)	Plastic Poisson’s ratio	Stress/ MPa	Plastic strain	Yield stress ratio	Strain rate/s^–1
0	6.213	28	0	0.168	0	1	0.001
				0.219	0.227	1.204	1
				0.265	0.498	1.273	10
				0.341	0.871	1.343	112
				0.446	1.186	1.514	150
				0.599	1.465	1.685	200

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表 5 基于LS-DYNA MAT57模型的EPS28材料参数

Table 5. EPS28 material parameters based on LS-DYNA MAT57 model

Density/ (kg·m^–3)	Modulus/ MPa	Poisson’s ratio	Tension cut-off stress/MPa	Viscous coefficient	Shape factor	Hysteretic unloading factor	E_d/MPa	β₁
28	6.213	0	1	0.1	10	0.1	0.36	169.23

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表 6 MAT163和Crushable Foam预测的吸收能量与试验结果对比

Table 6. MAT163 and Crushable Foam predicted results compared with the test results for absorbed energy

H/m	Absorbed energy/J			Relative error/%
H/m	Test	MAT163	Crushable Foam	MAT163	Crushable Foam
0.2	19.192	17.949	18.416	6.48	4.04
0.5	46.172	45.087	46.479	2.35	0.66
0.8	71.514	71.308	72.410	0.29	1.25

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