爆炸冲击波在仿桥梁结构内传播的数值模拟

孟祥瑞; 栗建桥; 宁建国; 许香照

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20180649

爆炸冲击波在仿桥梁结构内传播的数值模拟

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20180649

北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京　100081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11532012，11802026）；中国博士后科学基金（2018M641209）

详细信息

作者简介:
孟祥瑞（1994－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事结构爆炸冲击数值计算研究. E-mail: woo888888@163.com

通讯作者:
许香照（1989－），男，博士，主要从事计算爆炸力学研究. E-mail: xuxiangxuxiangz@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383.2; O389
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-15
- 修回日期: 2019-01-06
- 发布日期: 2019-08-25

Numerical Simulation of Explosive Shock Wave Propagation in Imitation Bridge Structure

State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 桥梁作为交通枢纽中的重要关卡，受到强冲击载荷作用后的毁伤效果一直是国内外关注的热点问题。炸药爆炸是对其进行毁伤的最为有效的手段之一，研究爆炸冲击波在桥梁结构中的传播规律对桥梁结构抗爆设计和爆炸事故救援具有至关重要的作用。为此，搭建了桥梁的局部结构并进行爆炸毁伤实验，为数值模拟研究提供数据参考。采用自主开发的三维爆炸与冲击问题仿真软件EXPLOSION-3D对仿桥梁结构的爆炸冲击波传播问题进行了数值模拟研究。将数值模拟结果与实验结果进行对比，验证了数值算法的有效性；进一步通过对比不同位置处的压力时程曲线来分析爆炸冲击波在仿桥梁结构中的传播规律，并分析了炸药在不同位置处爆炸和不同当量炸药爆炸对桥梁结构毁伤的影响规律。基于数值仿真结果，得到了给定工况下炸药对仿桥梁结构内的人体和车辆的毁伤程度。最后，通过对比分析不同工况的数值模拟结果，从仿真的角度给出了安全预防建议。
- 多物质欧拉方法 /
- 并行计算 /
- 桥梁结构 /
- 爆炸冲击波 /
- 破坏毁伤
Abstract: The bridge is an essential part in the transportation system, and its damage effect under the strong impact load is always a hot issue in the world. Currently, the explosive explosion is one of the most effective bridge damage methods. Therefore, the research on the explosive shock wave propagation law in the bridge structure plays an important role in the process of anti-explosion design and explosion accident rescue. In this paper, a local imitation structure of the bridge was constructed, and the experiment of the explosive blasting in the bridge was performed. Then, the self-developed software EXPLOSION-3D was adopted to simulate the propagation process of explosive shock wave inner the imitation bridge structure. The numerical simulation results were compared with the experimental results to verify the effectiveness of the numerical algorithm. Further, the propagation laws were analyzed according to pressure-time history curves at different positions. Besides, the explosion damage effects of the bridge structure at different locations and equivalent explosives were also evaluated. Based on the numerical simulation results, the damage degree towards to the human body and vehicle which reside in the imitation bridge structure were obtained. Finally, some safety preventive suggestions were given in the view of simulation after compared and analyzed the numerical results in the different conditions.
- multi-material Eulerian method /
- parallel computation /
- bridge structure /
- explosive shock wave /
- damage

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图 1 PMMIC-3D的程序流程图

Figure 1. Program flow of PMMIC-3D

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图 2 桥梁设计图

Figure 2. The design of bridge

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图 3 现场搭建图

Figure 3. Actual construction of bridge

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图 4 爆炸后模型受损情况

Figure 4. Damage of model after explosion

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图 5 桥梁三维模型图

Figure 5. 3D model of bridge

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图 6 前处理网格效果图

Figure 6. Grid meshing

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图 7 不同时刻爆炸冲击波传播图像

Figure 7. Explosion shock wave propagation images at different time

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图 8 实验结果与仿真结果对比

Figure 8. Comparision diagram of experimental and simulation results

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图 9 起爆点与关键点位置图

Figure 9. Explosive position and critical points

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图 10 部分关键点的压力时程曲线

Figure 10. Pressure-time curves at some reference positions

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图 11 关键点峰值压力

Figure 11. Peak pressure at different points

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图 12 不同炸高的炸药位置

Figure 12. Explosive position with different height

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图 13 不同水平位置的炸药

Figure 13. Explosion positions

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图 14 不同炸高情况下关键点的峰值压力

Figure 14. Peak pressure at different points with different heights

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图 15 不同水平位置炸药情况下的峰值压力

Figure 15. Peak pressure at different points with different horizontal positions

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图 16 关键点在不同当量炸药情况下的峰值压力

Figure 16. Peak pressure at different positions with different explosive mass

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图 17 桥体为金属介质时部分三维仿真结果

Figure 17. Some 3D simulation results of steel structure

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图 18 破坏效果对比

Figure 18. Comparison of damage effects

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图 19 桥体为不同介质时关键点处的峰值压力

Figure 19. Peak pressure at different positions with different structural medium

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表 1 桥梁事故部分事件

Table 1. Some accidents of bridge

Date	Accident
2004–06–10	Collapse accident of TianZhuangTai bridge in Panjin, Liaoning
2004–06–14	Collapse accident of bridge in Longgang, Shenzhen
2006–08–02	Collapse accident of XiongYue bridge, Yingkou, Liaoning
2006–03–11	“3.11” collapse of bridge in Yangzhou, Jiangsu
2006–11–26	316 national highway Lengshui bridge
2007–04–29	Collapse accident of California expressway to Oakland
2007–06–15	Collapse accident of Jiujiang bridge, Guangdong
2009–07–15	Collapse accident of Tianjin Tanggu ramp bridge
2010–12–03	Collapse accident of Jiaxu river crossing bridge in Haining, Zhejiang
2013–02–01	Collapse accident of Yichang bridge in Henan
2014–08–30	Fujian Shaowu bridge accident
2015–04–02	Jinbao high–speed rail collapses under construction of viaduct
2015–06–19	Collapse accident of Guangdong Jiangxi expressway ramp bridge

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表 2 B炸药性能参数

Table 2. Performance parameters of Explosive B

Density/(g·cm⁻³)	CJ pressure/GPa	CJ detonation velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Specific energy/(kJ·g⁻¹)
1.67	15.0	8100	9.5

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表 3 45钢的材料参数

Table 3. Material parameters of 45 steel

$\rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	E/GPa	${c_0}$	${\gamma _0}$	$a$	${s_1}$	${s_2}$	${s_3}$
7.85	206	4600	2.0	0.43	1.33	0.0	0.0

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