环境温度对多相混合物爆炸特性影响的实验研究

白春华; 张成均; 刘楠; 姚宁

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20180648

环境温度对多相混合物爆炸特性影响的实验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20180648

北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京　100081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11732003）

详细信息

作者简介:
白春华（1959－），男，博士，教授，主要从事多相云雾爆轰理论研究与应用. E-mail：chbai@bit.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张成均（1993－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事多相爆轰理论基础研究. E-mail：874523657@qq.com

中图分类号: X932
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-10
- 修回日期: 2019-01-02

Experimental Study on the Effects of Ambient Temperature on Explosion Characteristics of Multiphase Mixtures

State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究环境温度对以铝粉、乙醚、硝基甲烷为原料的气液固多相混合物爆炸特性的影响，利用20 L球型爆炸罐，在不同环境温度(20～50 ℃)下，实验研究了温度变化对混合物的爆炸超压、最大爆炸压力上升速率和爆炸下限的影响。结果表明：实验工况下，乙醚的爆炸特性参数随温度升高而降低；铝粉的爆炸特性参数受温度影响较小；气液固多相混合物的爆炸压力随温度升高略微下降，最大爆炸压力上升速率先升后降，存在一个最佳浓度配比使爆炸威力最佳；气液固多相混合物的爆炸下限随温度升高而下降，在绝大部分易挥发物质汽化后，混合物下限趋于稳定。
- 环境温度 /
- 爆炸特性 /
- 爆炸下限 /
- 多相混合物
Abstract: In order to explore the influence of ambient temperature on the explosion properties of aluminium/ether/nitromethane gas-fluid-solid multiphase mixtures, we use a 20 L spherical explosion tank to experimentally obtain the effect of temperature on the mixture explosion over pressure, the maximum explosion pressure rise rate and the lower explosive limit. The results show that: under the experimental condition, the explosive characteristic parameters of ether decrease with the increase of temperature. The explosion characteristic parameters of aluminum powder are less affected by the changing temperature. The explosion pressure of gas-liquid-solid polyphase mixture decreases slightly with the increase of temperature, and the maximum explosion pressure rises first and then decreases. There is an optimum concentration ratio for the optimum explosion power. The lower explosive limit of gas-liquid-solid polyphase mixture decreases with the increase of temperature, and the lower limit of mixture tends to be stable after gasification of most volatile substances.
- ambient temperature /
- explosion characteristics /
- lower explosion limit /
- multiphase mixture

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图 1 20 L球罐爆炸系统

Figure 1. 20 L spherical explosion system

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图 2 最大爆炸压力随温度变化曲线

Figure 2. Maximum explosion pressure vs. temperature

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图 3 爆炸上升速率随温度变化曲线

Figure 3. Explosion pressure rise rate vs. temperature

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图 4 爆炸下限随温度变化曲线

Figure 4. Lower explosion limit vs. temperature

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表 1 铝粉/空气混合物爆炸参数

Table 1. Explosion parameters of aluminum powder/air mixture

Temperature/℃	Ignition energy/J	p_max/MPa	(dp/dt)_max/(MPa·s^–1)	K_st
21.7	90	0.858	62.659	17.008
24.4	90	0.817	65.625	17.813
31.0	90	0.861	62.705	17.020
35.0	90	0.856	68.205	18.513
37.2	90	0.912	71.910	19.519
40.0	90	0.791	67.469	18.314
45.0	90	0.812	75.292	20.437
50.0	90	0.773	71.381	19.375

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表 2 铝粉/乙醚混合物爆炸参数

Table 2. Explosion parameters of aluminum powder/ether mixture

Temperature/℃	Ignition energy/J	p_max/MPa	(dp/dt)_max/(MPa·s^–1)	K_st
21.7	90	0.971	106.616	28.939
25.0	90	0.943	109.204	29.642
30.0	90	0.946	120.792	32.788
32.9	90	0.924	124.851	33.889
34.0	90	0.919	126.464	34.327
35.0	90	0.918	127.204	34.528
40.0	90	0.914	124.704	33.849
48.0	90	0.910	113.233	30.736
50.0	90	0.923	106.087	28.796

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表 3 铝粉/乙醚/硝基甲烷混合物爆炸参数

Table 3. Explosion parameters of aluminum powder/ether/nitromethane mixture

Temperature/℃	Ignition energy/J	p_max/MPa	(dp/dt)_max/(MPa·s^–1)	K_st
21.7	90	1.114	108.675	29.498
25.0	90	1.199	105.969	28.764
30.2	90	1.189	112.852	30.632
35.0	90	1.161	134.557	36.524
41.6	90	1.129	132.174	35.877
45.4	90	1.090	116.910	31.734
50.0	90	0.996	110.454	29.948

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表 4 乙醚/空气爆炸参数

Table 4. Explosion parameters of ether/air mixture

Temperature/℃	Ignition energy/J	p_max/MPa	(dp/dt)_max/(MPa·s^–1)
21.7	90	1.140	107.351
25.0	90	0.975	51.469
26.4	90	0.957	76.469
33.0	90	0.856	73.528
35.0	90	0.862	61.763
40.0	90	0.801	30.881
50.0	90	0.777	33.087

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表 5 爆炸下限数据

Table 5. Lower explosion limit data

Temperature/℃	LEL/（g∙m^–3）
21.7	180
24.3	175
27.8	160
33.2	155
37.5	150
42.5	150
51.0	150

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