不同硬度钢质破片侵彻Q235A钢板试验研究

杜宁; 张先锋; 熊玮; 丁力; 王季鹏; 刘闯

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20180631

不同硬度钢质破片侵彻Q235A钢板试验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20180631

南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京　210094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11772159)；高性能陶瓷和超微结构国家重点实验室开放基金(SKL201602SIC)

详细信息

作者简介:
杜　宁（1990－），男，博士研究生，主要从事高效毁伤与其防护技术. E-mail：duning521519@126.com

通讯作者:
张先锋（1978－），男，博士，教授，主要从事高效毁伤与防护技术. E-mail：lynx@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-09-10
- 修回日期: 2019-01-09

Experimental Study on the Penetration of Steel Fragments with Different Hardness into Q235A Steel Plate

School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究不同硬度钢质破片的静动态力学性能及侵彻能力，通过准静态及动态力学性能试验确定了不同硬度D60钢的力学性能参数。采用弹道枪发射破片并撞击钢板的试验方法，获得了不同着速破片对有限厚Q235A钢板的侵彻过程参数，分析了材料力学性能与破坏模式的相关性。结合量纲分析法，得到不同硬度钢质破片侵彻Q235A钢板的弹道极限速度经验关系式。结果表明：破片的质量损失程度随着破片硬度的增加而降低，剩余破片的长度随着硬度的增加而减少，破片的侵彻能力随着硬度的增加而增加，HRC36破片贯穿钢板后剩余速度相对HRC20破片大幅度提高。所确定的弹道极限速度经验关系式预测值与试验结果吻合较好。
- 撞击动力学 /
- 低碳钢 /
- 硬度 /
- 弹道极限速度
Abstract: Quasi-static tensile/compression and SHPB (split Hopkinson pressure bar) compression tests were conducted in order to study the mechanical properties of steel fragments with different hardness. Furthermore, the fragments were launched by a ballistic gun at different velocities into a Q235A steel plate with finite thickness. The correlation between the mechanical properties and the failure mode of fragments was analyzed based on the ballistic test results. Combined with the dimensional analysis method, the empirical relationship of the ballistic limit velocity of the steel fragments with different hardness penetrating into the Q235A steel plate was obtained. The results show that the mass loss of the fragments decreases with the increase of the hardness of the fragments, while the residual length of the fragments decreases with the increase of the hardness. The penetration ability of fragments increases with the increase of the hardness. The residual velocity of the fragments with HRC36 was relatively higher than that with HRC20 after penetration. The predicted values of the determined empirical relationships agree well with the experimental results.
- impact dynamics /
- low carbon steel /
- hardness /
- ballistic limit velocity

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图 1 3种不同硬度D60钢的静态拉伸和压缩测试曲线

Figure 1. Quasi-static tensile and compression test curves for three different hardness of D60 steel

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图 2 3种不同硬度D60钢的动态压缩测试曲线

Figure 2. Dynamic compression test curves of D60 steel with different hardness

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图 3 分离式霍普金森压杆测试前后的试样对比

Figure 3. Photographs of specimens before and after split Hopkinson pressure bar test

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图 4 破片侵彻试验布局图

Figure 4. Layout of fragment penetration test

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图 5 HRC20破片侵彻Q235A钢板后典型破坏形貌

Figure 5. Typical failure morphology of Q235A steel plate after penetration by fragments with HRC20

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图 6 HRC32破片侵彻Q235A钢板后典型破坏形貌

Figure 6. Typical failure morphology of Q235A steel plate after penetration by fragments with HRC32

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图 7 HRC36破片侵彻Q235A钢板后典型破坏形貌

Figure 7. Typical failure morphology of Q235A steel plate after penetration by fragments with HRC36

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图 8 不同硬度破片破坏示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of fracture failure of fragments

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图 9 破片剩余长度与破片硬度关系

Figure 9. Relationship between residual length and hardness of fragments

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图 10 破片着靶速度与剩余速度的关系

Figure 10. Relationship between residual velocity and initial velocity

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图 11 破片着靶速度与开坑直径关系

Figure 11. Relationship between the diameter of the crater and the initial velocity

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表 1 D60钢材料硬度测试结果

Table 1. Hardness measurement result of D60

Material	Hardness/HRC			Average hardness/HRC
Material	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average hardness/HRC
D60	19.5	21	20	20
	31	33	31	32
	37	36	35	36

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表 2 D60钢与Q235钢的主要化学组成

Table 2. Main chemical compositions of D60 and Q235 steel

Material	C	Mn	Si	P	S	Cr	Ni	Cu
D60	0.57–0.65	0.5–0.8	0.17–0.4	≤0.04	≤0.04	≤0.3	≤0.3	≤0.2
Q235	0.14–0.22	0.3–0.65	≤0.3	≤0.045	≤0.05

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表 3 3种不同硬度D60钢的力学性能

Table 3. Mechanical properties of three different hardness of D60 steel

Material	HRC	Quasi-static tensile and compression					Dynamic compression
Material	HRC	${\sigma _{\rm{p}}}$/MPa	${\sigma_{\rm{pb}}}$/MPa	E/GPa	$\delta $/%	${\sigma _{\rm{sc}}}$/MPa	${\sigma _{\rm{sd}}}$/MPa
D60	20	343	847	67.7	18.6	414	1024 (5610–6061 s^–1)
	32	664	997	68.3	11.8	723	1198 (4500–6040 s^–1)
	36	831	1070	73.8	11.0	864	1263 (5350–5960 s^–1)

		Quasi-static notched tensile and quasi-static tensile
Material	HRC	Stress triaxiality ${\eta _0}$			Maximum equivalent failure plastic strain ${\varepsilon _{\rm{f}}}$
		R=3 mm	R=6 mm	R=9 mm	R=3 mm	R=6 mm	R=9 mm	Quasi-static tensile
D60	20	0.6683	0.7554	0.8628	0.8442	0.6235	0.5327	1.2655
	32	0.5448	0.7037	0.7063	0.8472	0.6217	0.5349	1.0628
	36	0.3882	0.4138	0.4558	0.8447	0.6223	0.5340	0.7804

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表 4 3种不同硬度破片侵彻Q235A钢板的试验结果

Table 4. Test results of fragments with three different hardness penetrating into Q235A steel plate

Hardness	d/mm	m/g	v₀/(m·s^–1)	Penetrativity	v_r/(m·s^–1)	v₅₀/(m·s^–1)	I_SEA/(J·m²·kg^–1)
HRC20	9.92	6.11	988.3	Blind hole	0	1089	46.57
		6.10	1089.2	Throughout	24.6
		6.11	1230.0	Throughout	168
		6.10	1270.7	Throughout	221
		6.10	1286.6	Throughout	223.5
		6.10	1319.0	Throughout	280
		6.10	1414.6	Throughout	379
HRC32	9.92	6.10	892.5	Blind hole	0	1086	42.72
		6.10	963.1	Blind hole	0
		6.10	1086.2	Throughout	66
		6.10	1252.0	Throughout	261
		6.10	1296.0	Throughout	295
		6.11	1335.0	Throughout	353
		6.11	1368.0	Throughout	382
		6.11	1376.0	Throughout	389
HRC36	9.92	6.10	892.5	Blind hole	0	987	38.25
		6.09	987.1	Throughout	19.6
		6.09	1048.8	Throughout	77.6
		6.11	1240.5	Throughout	309.6
		6.09	1285.0	Throughout	399.5
		6.09	1346.1	Throughout	424
		6.10	1376.6	Throughout	440.9

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表 5 弹道极限速度试验值与计算值对比^[7]

Table 5. Comparison between test results and calculated results of ballistic limit velocity^[7]

Fragmented material	d₀/mm	Target material	h_b/mm	Ballistic limit velocity v₅₀/(m·s^–1)		Error/%
Fragmented material	d₀/mm	Target material	h_b/mm	Test^[8]	Calculated	Error/%
35CrMnSiA	11.2	AS steel	15.0	1070	1083.27	1.2
	12.8	AS steel	15.0	1084	1085.55	0.1
	12.8	SS steel	14.5	1018	1050.00	0.2
	11.2	Q235A steel	15.9	917	929.82	1.3

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