Mechanical Characteristics and Quasi-Static Compression Deformation Mechanism of Open-Cell Aluminum Foam with Spherical Cells
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摘要: 对胞孔形态和尺寸较为一致的球形孔泡沫铝开展静-动态压缩实验，利用数字图像相关法研究了泡沫铝在准静态压缩过程中的宏观和介观变形机理。结果表明：球形孔泡沫具有明显的应变率效应，随着应变率的增加，平台应力及屈服强度增加，吸能效率也有所提高。由于胞元壁厚不均匀和孔壁缺陷的随机分布，泡沫铝在压缩过程中会出现多条局部变形带，单个胞孔表面在孔壁缺陷处也会出现应变集中带。胞元孔的变形模式主要有3种，轴向压缩、剪切、扭转加剪切复合变形，且整体变形带处的孔壁破坏模式以剪切变形为主，孔壁的变形模式又与孔壁自身厚度以及加载方向有关。Abstract: In this work we investigated the quasi-static and dynamic compression of spherical cell aluminum foam with homogeneous pore morphology and size. We identified the deformation mechanisms of the aluminum foam in the quasi-static compression at both macroscopic and mesoscopic levels using digital image correlation. The results showed that the compressive strength, plateau stress and energy absorption were significantly improved by increasing the loading strain rate, that is, the spherical cell aluminum foam exhibited obvious strain rate sensitivity. Because of the inhomogeneous cell wall thickness and the random distribution of cell wall defects, the deformation bands dominated the compressive behavior during the compression process, and the strain concentration zones were observed on the single cell hole where the cell wall defects were identified. Meanwhile we examined the implications of compressive behaviors operating on the mesoscopic cell walls and the formation of macroscopic deformation bands. The deformation modes of cells mainly fell into 3 types, i.e. axial compression, shear, torsion and shear combined deformation. The failure mode of the cell walls throughout the deformation zone was mostly determined by shear deformation, which was obviously related with the cell wall thickness and the loading direction.
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图 4 压缩过程泡沫铝表面位移场分布
Figure 4. Displacement field distribution of foamed aluminum surface during compression
图 3 泡沫铝的压缩应力-工程应变曲线
Figure 3. Compressive stress-engineering strain curve of aluminum foam
图 6 单胞孔位置与其孔的侧面应变场
Figure 6. Location of the single cell on its surface and lateral strain field map on the side of the celll
图 7 单胞压缩过程应变场分布
Figure 7. Distribution of strain field on the surface of a single cell during compression
图 8 泡沫铝观测面不同位置孔壁
Figure 8. Hole wall at different positions on the observation surface of aluminum foam
图 9 孔壁各点应变-时间曲线
Figure 9. Strain-time curve of each point on the hole wall of foamed aluminum
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