Effect of Sectional Geometric Parameters on Axial Impact Response of Hat-Section Beam
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摘要: 帽型梁结构作为汽车前纵梁主要部件，其轴向冲击变形模式和吸能特性是汽车被动安全设计的主要参考指标。为此，对带有倒角的帽型梁进行了初始能量为17.8 kJ的落锤轴向冲击实验和数值模拟。保持梁结构的质量不变，对不带倒角和直角弯折的两种截面梁进行同等条件的数值模拟，在一定范围内探讨截面几何参数对帽型梁的变形模式、变形量、吸能总量、峰值载荷、平均碰撞载荷和碰撞力效率的影响。结果表明：对于带有倒角的帽型梁，其变形模式和变形量的计算结果与实验结果基本吻合，验证了计算模型的合理性；倒角的存在使结构变形模式从非紧凑型向紧凑型转变，提高了缓冲效果，降低了峰值载荷；弯折角度由93°变为90°时，对变形模式的影响较小，非直角弯折梁的吸能效果较直角弯折梁好。因此，截面几何参数对帽型梁结构的变形模式和吸能特性有一定影响。Abstract: As the major part of the vehicle front side member, the hat-section beam structure's deformation mode and energy absorption characteristics under the axial impact is the main reference index in the design of automobile passive safety.In this study, we carried out a drop hammer axial impact test and numerical simulation with initial energy of 17.8 kJ for the hat-section beam with chamfering.In addition, keeping the total mass constant, we simulated two other beams with different sections of no chamfering and right-angle bend in the same conditions, aiming to investigate the influences of section geometric parameters on these characterizations as deformation modes, amount of deformation, energy absorption, peak load, the average crushing load and crushing force efficiency within a certain scope.The calculation results of the deformation modes and amount of deformation of the hat-section beam with chamfering are consistent with the experimental ones, verifying the rationality of the computation model.Due to the existence of chamfering in the structure, the pattern of structural deformation was transformed from a non-compact mode to a compact mode, the buffering effect was increased, whereas the maximum crushing load was reduced.When the bending angle changed from 93° to 90°, it only has minor influence on the deformation mode, and the energy absorption of the beam with non-right-angle bending is better than that of the beam with right-angle bending.Therefore, the geometric parameters of the cross section have some influence on the deformation mode and energy absorption characteristics of the hat-section beam structure.
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Key words:
- hat-section beam /
- drop hammer test /
- finite element simulation /
- deformation mode /
- energy absorption
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图 9 实验和模拟载荷-时间曲线
Figure 9. Experimental and simulated load history curves for Type-Ⅰ beam
表 1 帽型梁的材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters for hat-section beam
Material E/GPa ν σs/MPa σb/MPa δ1/% DC01 210 0.3 165 303 47.8 CR380LA 210 0.3 410 524 24.8 DP980 218 0.3 660 1 033 11.0 
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表 2 3种梁的变形模式参数
Table 2. Parameters of deformation modes for 3 different types of beams
Specimen δ/mm tt/ms n Deformation mode Type-Ⅰ beam 208.5 50 3 Compact Type-Ⅱ beam 184.2 40 2 Non-compact Type-Ⅲ beam 181.7 40 2 Non-compact
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表 3 3种梁的能量吸收参数
Table 3. Energy absorption parameters for 3 different types of beams
Specimen δ/mm Ea/kJ Fmax/kN Fmean/kN η Type-Ⅰ beam 208.5 17.777 283.66 85.26 0.30 Type-Ⅱ beam 184.2 17.616 313.79 95.63 0.30 Type-Ⅲ beam 181.7 17.550 319.59 96.59 0.30
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