空间碎片几何形状对激光烧蚀冲量的影响规律

陈川; 龚自正; 杨武霖; 李明; 余谦

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20180508

空间碎片几何形状对激光烧蚀冲量的影响规律

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20180508

陈川^1,,
龚自正^{1, 2,*,},
杨武霖²,
李明³,
余谦¹

1.
北京卫星环境工程研究所可靠性与环境工程技术重点实验室, 北京 100094
2.
北京卫星环境工程研究所, 北京 100094
3.
中国空间技术研究院, 北京 100094

基金项目:

国家安全重大基础研究计划 61331103

空间碎片专项 KJSP2016040103

详细信息

作者简介:
陈川(1988-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事激光驱动空间碎片、空间碎片主动移除、空间碎片环境治理等研究.E-mail:chenchuan0611@163.com

通讯作者:
龚自正(1964-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事航天器空间碎片超高速撞击防护、空间碎片在轨探测与移除、材料动态力学性能及高压物理等研究

中图分类号: O532.25;V416.5;TN249
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-01-18
- 修回日期: 2018-02-07

Influence of Geometry of Space Debris on Laser Ablation Impulse

CHEN Chuan^1
,,
GONG Zizheng^{1, 2,*
,},
YANG Wulin²,
LI Ming³,
YU Qian¹

1.
Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing 100094, China
2.
Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing 100094, China
3.
China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China

摘要

摘要: 激光烧蚀驱动是移除厘米级空间碎片非常有前景的技术，但空间碎片不规则的几何形状对激光烧蚀产生的驱动效果有十分复杂的影响，是目前研究的难点和热点之一。从激光烧蚀驱动目标冲量耦合规律出发，基于通过目标表面顶点的三角化三维重构，提出了一种可以精确计算激光辐照外形不规则目标所产生冲量大小及方向的方法。以立方体、球体和圆柱体3个典型的几何外形规则的目标为对象，验证了该方法的计算精度。利用该方法研究了激光辐照几何外形规则目标和不规则类球体小行星"贝努"产生的冲量规律，给出了在特定激光入射角度下不同几何外形目标产生最大冲量的条件。这一方法和结果对激光烧蚀驱动移除空间碎片技术研究有重要参考作用。
- 空间碎片移除 /
- 激光烧蚀驱动 /
- 目标几何形状 /
- 表面三角化重构 /
- 冲量产生规律
Abstract: Laser ablation driven is a very promising technology to remove centimeter-scale space debris, however, the irregular geometry of the space debris has very complicated influence on the impulse of the laser ablation, which is a difficulty and hot issue in current related research.In this study, based on the impulse coupling law of laser ablation, we presented a method for accurately calculating the impulse magnitude and direction for the irregular target irradiated by laser based on the surface triangulation and three-dimensional reconstruction of irregular objects.The accuracy of this method is verified by 3 targets with typical geometric shapes:cube, sphere and cylinder.Using this method, we studied the impulse generation rule of laser irradiating the regular targets with typical geometrical shapes and the irregular spherical target asteroid "Bennu", and obtained the conditions of the maximum impulse for various geometrically shaped targets under specific laser incidence angle.This method and the results are very useful for the research of active debris removal by laser.
- active debris removal /
- laser ablation driven /
- target geometry /
- surface triangulation reconstruction /
- impulse generation rule

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图 1 激光驱动碎片原理

Figure 1. Schematic of driving debris by laser

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图 2 激光照射外形不规则目标

Figure 2. Schematic of irregularly shaped target under laser irradiation

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图 3 激光照射曲面

Figure 3. Schematic of curved surface under laser irradiation

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图 4 三角化三维重构过程

Figure 4. Schematic of three-dimensional triangulation reconstruction process

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图 5 基本计算单元

Figure 5. Basic computing unit

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图 6 不同顶点数量下立方体三角化重构

Figure 6. Triangulation reconstruction of cube with different vertex numbers

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图 7 不同顶点数量下球体三角化

Figure 7. Triangulation reconstruction of sphere with different vertex numbers

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图 8 不同顶点数量下圆柱体三角化

Figure 8. Triangulation reconstruction of cylinder with different vertex numbers

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图 9 冲量偏角β

Figure 9. Diagram of impulse angle β

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图 10 激光照射圆柱体

Figure 10. Schematic of cylinder under laser irradiation

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图 11 圆柱体在不同角度激光照射下产生的冲量占平面目标冲量的比例

Figure 11. Impulse percentage of cylinder to planner target irradiated by laser at different angles

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图 12 圆柱体在不同角度激光照射下产生的冲量偏角

Figure 12. Impulse angle of cylinder irradiated by laser at different angles

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图 13 激光照射圆锥体

Figure 13. Schematic of cone under laser irradiation

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图 14 圆锥体在不同角度激光照射下产生的冲量占平面目标冲量的比例

Figure 14. Impulse percentage of cone to planner target irradiated by laser at different angles

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图 15 圆锥体在不同角度激光照射下产生的冲量偏角

Figure 15. Impulse angle of cone irradiated by laser at different angles

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图 16 行星贝努^[16]

Figure 16. Asteroid Bennu^[16]

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图 17 贝努表面三角化重构

Figure 17. Triangulation reconstruction of the Bennu

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图 18 贝努在不同角度激光照射下产生的冲量占平面/球体目标的比例

Figure 18. Impulse percentage of Bennu to plane/sphere target irradiated by laser at different angles

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图 19 贝努在不同角度激光照射下产生的冲量偏角

Figure 19. Impulse angle of Bennu irradiated by laser at different angles

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表 1 不同顶点数量下立方体三角化计算结果

Table 1. results of cube with different vertex numbers

Vertex number	Mass/ g	Moment of inertia/ (10^-4g·m²)			Impulse/ (mN·s)			Velocity/ (mm·s^-1)			Angular velocity/ (rad·s^-1)
Vertex number	Mass/ g	J_x	J_y	J_z	P_x	P_y	P_z	Δv_x	Δv_y	Δv_z	ω_x	ω_y	ω_z
8	2.7	1.31	1.31	1.31	1.96	1.96	1.96	-2.493	-2.493	-2.493	0	0	0
14	2.7	1.31	1.31	1.31	1.96	1.96	1.96	-2.493	-2.493	-2.493	0	0	0
50	2.7	1.31	1.31	1.31	1.96	1.96	1.96	-2.493	-2.493	-2.493	0	0	0
130	2.7	1.31	1.31	1.31	1.96	1.96	1.96	-2.493	-2.493	-2.493	0	0	0
Formula	2.7	1.31	1.31	1.31	1.96	1.96	1.96	-2.493	-2.493	-2.493	0	0	0

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表 2 不同顶点数量下球体三角化计算结果

Table 2. Calculation results of sphere with different vertex numbers

Vertex number	Mass/ g	Moment of inertia/ (g·m²)			Impulse/ (mN·s)			Velocity/ (mm·s^-1)			Angular velocity/ (10^-7rad·s^-1)
Vertex number	Mass/ g	J_x	J_y	J_z	P_x	P_y	P_z	Δv_x	Δv_y	Δv_z	ω_x	ω_y	ω_z
72	158.926 603 1	0.109	0.109	0.105	2.693	2.691	2.534	5.820	5.820	5.477	2 220	121	10 200
222	170.834 427 5	0.122	0.122	0.121	2.744	2.746	2.715	5.518	5.521	5.459	6.74	6.98	3 790
382	172.723 740 5	0.124	0.124	0.123	2.766	2.766	2.718	5.501	5.500	5.406	2.22	4.95	3 250
762	174.891 641 2	0.126	0.126	0.126	2.769	2.768	2.764	5.438	5.437	5.429	2.02	5.55	2 820
1 452	175.755 229 0	0.127	0.127	0.127	2.775	2.775	2.771	5.425	5.424	5.415	1.71	3.79	217
2 452	176.064 045 8	0.128	0.128	0.128	2.779	2.779	2.773	5.422	5.422	5.407	1.42	3.46	192
Formula	176.625	0.129	0.129	0.129	2.780	2.780	2.780	5.406	5.406	5.406	0	0	0

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表 3 不同顶点数量下圆柱体三角化计算结果

Table 3. Calculation results of cylinder with different vertex numbers

Vertex number	Mass/ g	Moment of inertia/ (g·m²)			Impulse/ (mN·s)			Velocity/ (mm·s^-1)			Angular velocity/ (10^-8rad·s^-1)
Vertex number	Mass/ g	J_x	J_y	J_z	P_x	P_y	P_z	Δv_x	Δv_y	Δv_z	ω_x	ω_y	ω_z
32	347.290 1	0.560 5	0.560 5	0.295 7	5.305	5.302	3.603	5.249	5.249	3.565	3.72×10^-4	4.75×10^-4	2.52
62	365.152 7	0.597 2	0.597 2	0.326 7	5.369	5.369	3.788	5.053	5.053	3.565	1.21×10^-8	5.23×10^-8	2.50
122	369.618 3	0.606 7	0.606 7	0.334 8	5.386	5.386	3.835	5.006	5.006	3.565	3.52×10^-16	2.76×10^-16	2.39
162	369.618 3	0.606 7	0.606 7	0.334 8	5.386	5.386	3.835	5.006	5.006	3.565	3.52×10^-16	2.75×10^-16	2.39
202	369.618 3	0.606 7	0.606 7	0.334 8	5.386	5.386	3.835	5.006	5.006	3.565	3.52×10^-16	2.78×10^-16	2.39
242	370.305 3	0.608 5	0.608 5	0.336 4	5.388	5.388	3.844	4.997	4.997	3.565	2.01×10^-16	1.92×10^-16	2.40
Formula	370.992 4	0.609 9	0.609 9	0.337 6	5.389	5.389	3.849	4.988	4.988	3.563	0	0	0

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