Numerical Study of the Oblique Perforation of Single Thin Metallic Plates
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摘要: 通过调用ABAQUS子程序引入修正的靶板J-C本构模型和修正的应力三轴度三分段式失效准则，开展了平头、卵形弹0°~60°斜撞击单层Q235钢薄靶的数值仿真计算，分析了弹体头部形状、撞击角度对靶板防护性能及失效模式的影响，同时对弹体击穿靶板后的角度偏转问题进行了分析，并提出了一个改进的角度偏转半理论模型。结果发现：平头弹在各个撞击角度下较卵形弹更容易击穿靶板；靶板的防护性能与弹体造成的靶板损伤及失效模式紧密相关，单层靶板在平头弹以同一角度分别低速和高速斜撞击后具有不同的失效模式，而在卵形弹斜撞击下失效模式相差不大；仿真与实验结果吻合较好。Abstract: In this study, we conducted numerical simulations of the oblique perforation of single 1 mm-thick Q235 steel plates subjected to flat-and ogive-nosed projectiles at 0°~60° by invoking the ABAQUS subroutine to introduce a modified J-C constitutive model and a modified three-section failure criterion of stress triaxiality, and examined the effects of the projectile nose shape and the obliquity on the ballistic resistance and failure modes of the targets.We also investigated the angle-deflection of the projectiles perforating targets and proposed a modified semi-theoretical model to describe the angle-deflection laws.The results show that the target perforation by flat-nosed projectiles is easier than that by ogive-nosed projectiles at each oblique angles; the ballistic resistance of targets is closely related to the target damages induced by projectile impact; the target has different failure modes as impacted by flat-nosed projectiles at low and high velocities in the same oblique angle respectively, while the failure modes of single target due to impact of ogive-nosed projectiles at different angles do not show much difference.The results of numerical simulation agree well with those of experiments.
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Key words:
- failure criterion /
- oblique impact /
- ballistic resistance /
- failure mode /
- angle deflection /
- numerical simulation
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图 4 Q235弹体的Taylor撞击实验结果与仿真结果对比
Figure 4. Comparison of Q235 projectiles' fracture patterns in Taylor experiments and simulations
图 5 实验获得的两种弹体斜撞击1 mm厚单层靶的典型贯穿过程
Figure 5. Typical oblique penetration processes of 1 mm-thick targets by two kinds of projectiles in experiments
图 6 仿真获得的两种弹体斜撞击1 mm厚单层靶的典型贯穿过程
Figure 6. Typical oblique penetration processes of 1 mm-thick targets by two kinds of projectiles in simulations
图 7 实验和仿真得到的两种头型弹体斜撞击单层1 mm厚Q235钢板的初始速度-剩余速度比较
Figure 7. Comparison of initial velocity-residual velocity between experiments and simulations for 1 mm-thick single target obliquely impacted by two nose shape projectiles
图 8 实验和仿真确定的弹体穿透靶板的弹道极限随弹体撞击角度的变化对比
Figure 8. Comparison of ballistic limits vs. impact angle between experiments and simulations
图 9 两种弹体在各个角度斜撞击靶板下的弹道极限的实验与仿真结果比较
Figure 9. Comparison of ballistic limits obtained by simulations and experiments for two nose shape projectiles at different obliquity angles
图 10 实验和仿真获得的单层靶板在两种头型弹体斜撞击下的失效形式对比
Figure 10. Comparison of failure patterns of single target impacted by two nose shape projectiles between experiment and simulation
图 11 单层靶板在平头弹以低速和高速不同角度斜撞击后的失效形式
Figure 11. Failure modes of single target impacted by flat-nosed projectiles at low and high velocities
图 12 实验和仿真获得的卵形弹以45°斜角度撞击靶板前、后偏转角随撞击速度的变化
Figure 12. Experimental and simulated angular deflection vs. impact velocity for ogive-nosed projectiles impacting taget at 45° oblique angle
图 13 仿真得到的平头弹和卵形弹斜撞击1 mm厚单层靶的角度偏转随无量纲速度的变化
Figure 13. Numerical variation of angular deflection with dimensionless velocity for flat- and ogive-nosed projectiles obliquely perforating single target with the thickness of 1 mm
图 14 模型中tan δ50值与弹体撞击角度之间的关系
Figure 14. Relations between the value of tan δ50 and impact angle of projectiles
表 1 弹体的材料参数
Table 1. Material constants of projectile
Density/(kg·m-3) E/GPa Possion's ratio σ0/MPa Et/GPa 7 850 204 0.33 1 900 15 
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表 2 Q235钢的本构模型及失效模型相关参数
Table 2. Material constants for Q235 steel
Density/(kg·m-3) E/GPa Possion's ratio Tr/K Tm/K A/MPa 7 800 200 0.33 293 1 795 293.8 B/MPa n C m1 m2 cp/(J·kg-1·K-1) 230.2 0.578 0.065 2 1.762 1.278 469 χ D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 0.9 0.472 18.73 -7.805 -0.019 3 13.017 D6 D01 D02 D03 ${{\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0}}$/s-1 2.338 0.511 -6.80 4.047 2.1×10-3
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表 3 平头弹和卵形弹斜撞击单层靶的弹道极限及相应模型参数
Table 3. Ballistic limits and other model constants for single target obliquely impacted byflat- and ogive-nosed projectiles
β Flat-nosed projectile Ogive-nosed projectile a p v50/(m·s-1) a p v50/(m·s-1) 0° 0.95 2.68 86.10 1.06 1.69 75.76 15° 0.92 1.93 67.04 1.01 1.93 76.75 30° 0.99 1.61 57.44 0.97 2.16 84.90 45° 0.99 1.68 63.50 1.14 1.48 86.90 60° 1.18 1.51 95.91
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