玻璃微球基乳化炸药及其在爆炸焊接中的应用

李雪交; 汪泉; 马宏昊; 杨明; 沈兆武; 毕志雄

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20170651

玻璃微球基乳化炸药及其在爆炸焊接中的应用

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20170651

1.
安徽理工大学化学工程学院, 安徽淮南 232001
2.
中国科学技术大学近代力学系材料力学行为和设计重点实验室, 安徽合肥 230027

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 11502001

中国博士后基金面上项目 2014M561808

详细信息

作者简介:
李雪交(1986-), 男, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事含能材料与爆炸复合方面的研究.E-mail:xjli@aust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG456.6;TQ560.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-09-28
- 修回日期: 2017-10-31

Glass Microsphere Based Emulsion Explosive and Application in Explosive Welding

1.
College of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
2.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China

摘要

摘要: 爆速是爆炸复合的主要参数之一。采用玻璃微球作为敏化剂和稀释剂，研究玻璃微球尺寸、含量对乳化炸药爆速的影响，然后调配爆速为2.230 km/s的低爆速乳化炸药，利用铝蜂窝板配置蜂窝结构炸药，进行铝-钢复合板的爆炸焊接。试验结果表明：炸药密度随着玻璃微球含量的增加而减小；小尺寸玻璃微球含量（质量分数）小于2%或者大于35%时，乳化炸药发生拒爆现象；玻璃微球含量大于7%且小于35%时，炸药爆速随着玻璃微球含量的增大而减小。小尺寸（5~100 μm）玻璃微球的敏化效果和调节爆速效果比大尺寸（70~200 μm）玻璃微球好，铝蜂窝结构炸药用于铝-钢爆炸焊接可以获得良好的结合质量。
- 玻璃微球 /
- 敏化剂 /
- 稀释剂 /
- 炸药性能 /
- 爆炸焊接
Abstract: Detonation velocity is one of the main parameters in explosive welding where glass microsphere is used as a sensitizer and diluent.In this paper, the effect of the glass microsphere on detonation velocity of emulsion explosive was explored.The honeycomb-structured explosive manufactured using a honeycomb aluminum panel and a low detonation velocity emulsion explosive with the detonation velocity of 2.230 km/s was used to carry out explosive welding of Al-steel clad plate.The results showed that the density of the explosive decreased with the increase of the glass microsphere content.The emulsion explosive misfired when the content of the glass microsphere was less than 2% or greater than 35%.The detonation velocity of the emulsion explosive decreased with the increase of the glass microsphere content when the content of the glass microsphere was greater than 7% and less than 35%.The sensitization effect and detonation velocity adjustment effect of small-size glass microspheres produced a better welding quality than those of large-size glass microspheres.The honeycomb aluminum structured explosive used for Al-steel explosive welding was able to achieve superior bonding quality.
- glass microsphere /
- sensitizer /
- diluent /
- explosive property /
- explosive welding

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图 1 不同玻璃微球含量的乳化炸药形貌

Figure 1. Morphology of emulsion explosive with different contents of glass microsphere

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 炸药密度与玻璃微球含量的关系曲线

Figure 2. Variation of explosive density with content of glass microsphere

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 乳化炸药爆速与玻璃微球含量的变化曲线

Figure 3. Variation of explosive velocity of emulsion explosive with content of glass microsphere

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 蜂窝结构炸药

Figure 4. Honeycomb aluminum explosive

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 爆炸焊接装置示意图

Figure 5. Schematic of explosive welding setup

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 铝-钢爆炸复合板界面金相组织

Figure 6. Metallographic image of Al-steel explosively clad plate

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 铝-钢爆炸复合界面扫描电镜图

Figure 7. SEM image at the interface of Al-steel explosively clad plate

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 乳化基质的组分

Table 1. Constituents of emulsion matrix

(%)
NH₄NO₃	NaNO₃	H₂O	C₁₈H₃₈	C₂₄H₄₄O₆	C₁₂H₂₆
73	10	10	4	2	1

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表 2 不同尺寸和含量玻璃微球的炸药密度

Table 2. Density of explosive of explosive with different sizes and contents of glass microspheres

GM content/%	Density of explosive/(g·cm^-3)
1	1.30
2	1.26
3	1.22
5	1.14
7	1.07
15	0.88
25	0.77
30	0.70
35	0.59
40	0.48

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表 3 不同尺寸、含量玻璃微球的炸药爆速

Table 3. Detonation velocity of explosive with different sizes and contents of glass microspheres

GM size/μm	Detonation velocity/(km·s^-1)
GM size/μm	1%	2%	3%	5%	7%	15%	25%	30%	35%	40%
Size 1 (5-100)	0	4.867	5.087	4.915	4.759	3.252	2.471	1.923	0
Size 2 (70-200)		0	4.852	4.935	4.851	3.779	2.917	2.531	2.108	0

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表 4 金属材料的物理力学性能

Table 4. Physical and mechanical properties of metallic materials

Material	T/℃	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	H_V	σ_s/MPa	σ_b/MPa	c/(km·s^-1)
1060 Al alloy	660	2.72	32	45	100	6.3
Q345 steel	1 523	7.85	168	385	609	6.0

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表 5 铝-钢爆炸焊接参数

Table 5. Explosive welding parameters of Al-steel clad plate

Density of explosive/(g·cm^-3)	Charge per unit area/(g·cm^-2)	Charge/g	Detonation velocity/(km·s^-1)	Mass ratio	Thickness of explosive/mm
0.81	1.80	123	2.230	2.20	22.0

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