月幔条件下水在橄榄石中扩散的实验研究

谢梦雨; 鹿亚飞; 邹心宇; 邓力维

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20170645

月幔条件下水在橄榄石中扩散的实验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20170645

谢梦雨^{1, 2,},
鹿亚飞³,
邹心宇^{1, 2},
邓力维^{1, 2,*, ,}

1.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，北京 100029
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.
中国地震局地震预测研究所，北京 100036

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 41374096

国家自然科学基金 41490632

中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类) XDB18000000

中国科学院重点部署项目(Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) QYZDJ-SSW-DQC001

详细信息

作者简介:
谢梦雨(1991-), 女, 硕士, 主要从事活塞圆筒压机、高压矿物物理研究. E-mail: xiemengyu@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
邓力维(1981—), 女, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事高压科学与技术、地球深部矿物物性研究. E-mail: dengliwei@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

中图分类号: O521.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-09-21
- 修回日期: 2017-09-30

Water Diffusion in Olivine under Lunar Mantle Conditions

XIE Mengyu^{1, 2
,},
LU Yafei³,
ZOU Xinyu^{1, 2},
DENG Liwei^{1, 2,*
, ,}

1.
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China

摘要

摘要: 利用高温高压实验技术，对月幔条件下水在橄榄石中的扩散行为开展实验模拟研究，考察氧逸度、压力和温度对水沿橄榄石晶体不同晶轴扩散速率的影响。实验结果表明：在高氧逸度条件下水在橄榄石中的扩散速率比低氧逸度条件下更高；扩散速率与温度正相关，与压力负相关；水沿橄榄石[100]轴的扩散速率较高，沿[001]轴的扩散速率较低，且随着压力的升高，扩散的各向异性减弱。月幔条件下，即使未完全饱和时橄榄石中的羟基含量仍超过10^-4，因此橄榄石可成为月球深部水的重要储库。通过对比岩浆上升及喷发速率与水在橄榄石熔体包裹体中的扩散速率可知，熔体包裹体在岩浆上升过程中不会出现水的丢失，而在岩浆喷发过程中极有可能由于扩散作用而丢失大量的水。因此，前人根据橄榄石熔体包裹体所推测的月幔水含量有可能仅是下限值。研究工作为准确推演月球演化历史提供基础科学依据。
- 水 /
- 橄榄石 /
- 扩散 /
- 月幔
Abstract: High-pressure water diffusion experiments in olivine crystal were conducted in a piston-cylinder press in the present work to investigate systematically the diffusion coefficients of water in view of changes of pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity.It was found that diffusion coefficients increase with elevated temperatures and decreased pressures, and become relatively larger at high oxygen fugacity.The rate of the diffusion along [100] axis is faster than that along [001] axis and the anisotropy becomes weaker with the increase of the pressure.The measured hydroxyl concentrations in the olivine under lunar mantle conditions are higher than 10^-4, thus indicating that the olivine could be a major water reservoir in the deep lunar mantle.By comparing the diffusion rate of the water in the olivine melt inclusions with the magma ascent and the eruption rates, we found that the water in the melt inclusions in the olivine xenocrysts will be well maintained during the magma ascent, whereas water will diffuse out of the xenocrysts during the magma eruption process.The estimated water concentration in the lunar mantle based on the melt inclusion data could be the lower limit.Our work provides significant thermodynamic parameters for exploring the moon evolution history.
- water /
- olivine /
- diffusion /
- lunar mantle

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图 1 退火后橄榄石的穆斯堡尔谱(293 K)

Figure 1. Mössbauer spectrum of olivine recovered from annealing experiment (293 K)

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图 2 实验组装示意

Figure 2. Schematic illustration of experimental assembly

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图 3 橄榄石[100]轴边缘处非偏振红外光谱(所有光谱都进行了归一化处理)

Figure 3. Unpolarized IR spectra of olivines (at the rim) along [100] axis (All the spectra are normalized to 1 cm of thickness)

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图 4 Ol-5-3橄榄石晶体中平行[100]轴的非偏振红外光谱(900 ℃、1.5 GPa、5 h、NNO；主要的羟基峰位于3 610、3 599、3 572、3 568、3 502、3 444、3 417、3 356和3 329 cm^-1；所有光谱都进行了归一化处理)

Figure 4. Unpolarized infrared spectra as a function of wavenumber and position along the [100] axis in sample Ol-5-3 (900 ℃, 1.5 GPa, 5 h, NNO.The major hydroxyl absorption bands are located at 3 610, 3 599, 3 572, 3 568, 3 502, 3 444, 3 417, 3 356 and 3 329 cm^-1.All the spectra are normalized to 1 cm of thickness.)

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图 5 Ol-7-1橄榄石晶体(2.5 GPa、900 ℃、NNO、样品尺寸2.44 mm×0.36 mm×2.09 mm)中水沿[100]和[001]轴的扩散剖面(相应的化学扩散速率标记在图中，黑色圆点为实验数据，实线为根据扩散定律拟合的扩散剖面)

Figure 5. Hydroxyl content as a function of position parallel to [100] and [001] crystallographic axes in sample Ol-7-1 (2.5 GPa, 900 ℃, 5 h, buffered by NNO, size 2.44 mm×0.36 mm×2.09 mm.Diffusion coefficients are shown in each plot.Black points are IR data, and the solid lines are fitted diffusion profiles.)

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图 6 水沿橄榄石[100]和[001]轴的扩散速率与压力的关系

Figure 6. Diffusion coefficients along [100] and [001] axes as a function of pressure in olivines

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图 7 水沿橄榄石[100]、[010]、[001]轴的扩散速率与温度的关系

Figure 7. Diffusion coefficients along [100], [010] and [001] axes as a function of temperature in olivines

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表 1 水在橄榄石中扩散的实验条件及样品尺寸

Table 1. Experimental conditions of water diffusion in olivine and crystal sizes of samples

Sample	Pressure/GPa	Temperature/℃	Duration/h	Buffer	Capsule	Size before hydration[100]×[010]×[001]/(mm×mm×mm)	Size for FTIR measurement[100]×[010]×[001]/(mm×mm×mm)
Ol-5-3	1.5	900	5	NNO	Ni	2.90×1.80×1.64	2.90×0.30^*×1.64
Ol-7-1	2.5	900	5	NNO	Ni	2.44×2.10×2.09	2.44×0.36^*×2.09
Ol-7-2	3.0	900	5	NNO	Ni	1.86×2.08×2.41	1.86×0.21^*×2.41
No.1-2	2.5	900	5	IW	Fe	2.42×2.47×1.65	2.42×0.22^*×1.65
No.2-3	2.5	1 050	2/3	IW	Fe	1.87×2.08×2.44	1.87×0.16^*×2.44
No.1-3	2.5	1 200	1/3	IW	Fe	2.31×2.33×1.75	2.31×0.33^*×1.75
Note: The asterisk symbols represent sample thickness; NNO and IW stand for nickel-nickel oxide and iron-wüstite, respectively.

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表 2 水沿橄榄石各晶轴的扩散速率

Table 2. Diffusion coefficients of water along each axis in olivines

Sample	Pressure/GPa	Temperature/℃	lg f_O₂	Duration/h	C₀/10^-5	D_[100]/(10^-12 m²·s^-1)	D_[001]/(10^-12 m²·s^-1)
Ol-5-3	1.5	900	-12.0	5	2.7	2.15	0.35
Ol-7-1	2.5	900	-12.0	5	6.0	2.35	0.26
Ol-7-2	3.0	900	-12.0	5	7.1	0.70	0.40
No.1-2	2.5	900	-16.7	5	10.3	0.31	0.16
No.2-3	2.5	1 050	-14.1	2/3	13.1	ND	3.50
No.1-3	2.5	1 200	-11.9	1/3	12.5	8.50	6.75
Note: (1) lg f_O₂ was calculated using O'Neill's equation^[23] for NNO and O'Neill and Pownceby's equation^[24] for IW; (2) ND means "not detected", and D_[010] in all samples were not detected.

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表 3 回收橄榄石样品中的红外羟基波数和羟基结合机制

Table 3. Hydroxyl band positions in all recovered olivines and hydroxyl incorporation mechanisms

Hydroxyl band positions/cm^-1						Band assignments
Ol-5-3	Ol-7-1	Ol-7-2	No.1-2	No.2-3	No.1-3	Band assignments
3 182						M site
3 197	3 224					M site
3 232						M site
3 263	3 263
3 329			3 329		3 321	Me³⁺ site
3 356	3 356	3 352	3 352	3 356	3 344	Me³⁺ site
	3402	3 398	3 390	3 394		Ti⁴⁺
3 417	3 421	3 425	3 410	3 410
			3 433
3 448	3 456	3 452	3 452	3 444		Si site
3 487	3 483		3 475	3 479	3 475
3 502			3 494	3 506
	3 510		3 514
3 525				3 521		Ti⁴⁺
				3 545
	3 568	3 568	3 556	3 568	3 560	Si site
3 572			3 575			Ti⁴⁺
					3 591
			3 599	3 599	3 602
				3 610		Si site
3 629

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月幔条件下水在橄榄石中扩散的实验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20170645

作者简介: 谢梦雨(1991-), 女, 硕士, 主要从事活塞圆筒压机、高压矿物物理研究. E-mail: xiemengyu@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

通讯作者: 邓力维(1981—), 女, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事高压科学与技术、地球深部矿物物性研究. E-mail: dengliwei@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

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Water Diffusion in Olivine under Lunar Mantle Conditions

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作者简介:
谢梦雨(1991-), 女, 硕士, 主要从事活塞圆筒压机、高压矿物物理研究. E-mail: xiemengyu@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
邓力维(1981—), 女, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事高压科学与技术、地球深部矿物物性研究. E-mail: dengliwei@mail.iggcas.ac.cn