强点火条件下RP-3航空煤油燃爆特性实验研究

毛浩清; 黄炜超; 李斌; 解立峰

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20170583

强点火条件下RP-3航空煤油燃爆特性实验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20170583

南京理工大学化工学院，江苏南京 210094

基金项目:

科技部国际科技合作重大专项 2013DFR60080

详细信息

作者简介:
毛浩清(1990—), 男，硕士研究生，主要从事燃烧、爆炸、爆轰及其作用机理研究.E-mail:Mao_haoqing@163.com

通讯作者:
解立峰(1965—), 男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事多相爆轰理论与防火防爆技术研究.E-mail:xielifeng319@sina.com

中图分类号: O389; TE626
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-05-20
- 修回日期: 2017-06-05

Explosion Characteristics of RP-3 Aviation Kerosene Ignited by a High Explosive

School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

摘要

摘要: 为进一步探究影响RP-3航空煤油燃爆特性参数的因素，在内径为200 mm、高度为5 400 mm的立式激波管中，采用强点火方式，测定了其在不同浓度下的临界起爆能以及不同起爆能量、浓度当量比、喷雾压力下RP-3航空煤油的爆速和爆压。实验结果表明：航空煤油的临界起爆能随浓度当量比的增加先急剧降低，达到最小值后又缓慢上升，基本呈“L”形变化；在喷雾压力为0.20~0.60 MPa、同一浓度条件下，RP-3航空煤油的爆速、爆压随喷雾压力的变化曲线呈倒“U”形；随着起爆能量升高，爆速、爆压均呈直线上升趋势，并且当起爆能量小于1.68 MJ/m²时，煤油未达到直接爆轰状态；燃料的爆速、爆压随浓度当量比的增加先上升后下降，其变化趋势也基本呈倒“U”形。
- RP-3航空煤油 /
- 立式激波管 /
- 强点火 /
- 临界起爆能 /
- 爆速 /
- 爆压
Abstract: In this study, the deflagration and detonation parameters of RP-3 aviation kerosene in a vertical shock tube, 200 mm in inner diameter and 5 400 mm in height, was measured at different initiation energies, spray pressures and equivalence ratios in direct ignition by a high explosive to further explore the influencing factors of the combustion characteristics of the RP-3 aviation kerosene.The results show that the critical initiation energy of the aviation kerosene decreases sharply at first and then rises slowly with the increase of the equivalence ratio, and its changing trends are basically in an "L" shape.When the spray pressure varies from 0.20 MPa to 0.60 MPa, the detonation velocity and the explosion pressure are both in the shape of an inverted "U" along with the changing of the spray pressure at the same fuel concentration.The detonation velocity and the explosion pressure curves have a linear ascending tendency with the increase of the initiation energy.Moreover, when the initiation energy ranges from 0.37 MJ/m² to 1.68 MJ/m², the aviation kerosene cannot reach the state of detonation.The detonation velocity and the explosion pressure of the fuel at first increase and then decrease along with the rising of the equivalence ratio, also in an inverted "U" shape.
- RP-3 aviation kerosene /
- vertical shock tube /
- direct ignition /
- critical initiation energy /
- detonation velocity /
- explosion pressure

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图 1 立式激波管示意图

Figure 1. Structure of the vertical shock tube

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图 2 煤油-空气云雾临界起爆能随当量比的变化图

Figure 2. Variation of minimum ignition energy with equivalence ratio for aviation kerosene cloud

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图 3 爆速、爆压随喷雾压力的变化

Figure 3. Detonation velocity and explosion pressure of RP-3 aviation kerosene under different spray pressures

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图 4 爆速、爆压随起爆能量的变化

Figure 4. Detonation velocity and explosion pressure of RP-3 aviation kerosene under different initiation energies

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图 5 爆速、爆压随浓度当量比的变化

Figure 5. Detonation velocity and explosion pressure of RP-3 aviation kerosene under different equivalence ratios

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表 1 RP-3航空煤油组分

Table 1. Components of RP-3 aviation kerosene

(%)
Alkanes	Naphthenes			Alkyl benzenes	Indan & tetralin	Naphthalene	Naphthalene derivatives
Alkanes	Monocyclic	Bicyclic	Tricyclic	Alkyl benzenes	Indan & tetralin	Naphthalene	Naphthalene derivatives
52.2	33.8	6.0	0.1	5.1	1.3	0.6	0.9

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表 2 RP-3航空煤油主要理化特性

Table 2. Physicochemical characteristics of RP-3 kerosene

Molecular formula	Molecular weight	Density at 20 ℃/(g·cm^-3)	Boiling point/℃	Condensation point/℃	Smoke point/℃	Theoretical air-fuel ratio	Latent heat of vaporization /(J·g^-1)	Low heating value/(kJ·m^-3)	Cetane index
C₇-C₁₆	148.33	0.79	185	-60	24.6	16	345	43 200	43

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表 3 药量与起爆能量

Table 3. Mass and output energy of ignited materials

Initiation source	E/kJ	E₁/(MJ·m^-2)
1D	5.94	0.19
1D+1 g C4	11.78	0.37
1D+2 g C4	17.66	0.56
1D+3 g C4	23.53	0.75
1D+5 g C4	35.25	1.12
1D+8 g C4	52.82	1.68

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表 4 不同浓度当量比下航空煤油-空气云雾的临界起爆能

Table 4. Minimum ignition energy of aviation kerosene cloud with different equivalence ratios

φ	V/mL	E₁, min/(MJ·m^-2)
0.46	19.5	0.82
0.91	39.0	0.23
1.28	54.6	0.21
1.52	65.0	0.29
1.98	84.5	0.35

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表 5 不同起爆能量条件下的实验结果

Table 5. Experimental results under different initiation energy conditions

E₁/(MJ·m^-2)	Pressure/MPa						p_ave/MPa	Velocity/(m·s^-1)					D_ave/(m·s^-1)
E₁/(MJ·m^-2)	2^#	3^#	4^#	5^#	6^#	7^#	p_ave/MPa	3^#	4^#	5^#	6^#	7^#	D_ave/(m·s^-1)
0.37	0.35	0.29	0.27	0.23	0.25	0.26	0.26	559	520	476	488	447	498
0.56	0.81	0.40	0.38	0.35	0.34	0.35	0.36	571	537	533	521	485	529
0.75	0.82	0.47	0.45	0.43	0.43	0.42	0.44	593	560	567	631	505	571
1.12	1.30	0.76	0.56	0.66	0.64	0.66	0.66	693	614	618	606	579	622
1.68	1.70	0.94	0.77	0.73	0.86	0.96	0.85	774	712	654	649	609	680

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表 6 不同浓度当量比下的实验结果

Table 6. Experimental results under different equivalence ratio conditions

Equivalence ratio	Pressure/MPa						p_ave/MPa	Velocity/(m·s^-1)					D_ave/(m·s^-1)
Equivalence ratio	2^#	3^#	4^#	5^#	6^#	7^#	p_ave/MPa	3^#	4^#	5^#	6^#	7^#	D_ave/(m·s^-1)
0.46	1.04	0.65	0.57	0.56	0.57	0.59	0.56	639	633	609	578	548	601
0.63	1.30	0.68	0.60	0.59	0.56	0.53	0.59	651	625	600	578	546	598
0.91	1.28	0.69	0.57	0.62	0.59	0.58	0.61	667	638	611	581	546	608
1.28	1.30	0.76	0.56	0.66	0.64	0.66	0.66	693	614	618	606	579	622
1.52	1.28	0.61	0.61	0.75	0.62	0.63	0.65	632	674	606	603	559	615
1.67	1.27	0.72	0.59	0.68	0.61	0.66	0.65	638	676	625	594	558	618
1.98	1.28	0.72	0.60	0.58	0.58	0.59	0.61	659	630	600	598	565	610

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