Experimental Verification and Numerical Simulation ofSteel Needles Impacting on Glass
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摘要: 为了验证徒手投掷钢针击穿玻璃的可能性，通过一级气体炮加载实验和AUTODYN数值仿真方法，研究了在普通绣花钢针以数十米每秒的速度撞击下玻璃的损伤情况和弹道极限速度。结果表明：玻璃的破坏区集中在撞击点附近，并在玻璃背面形成锥形坑；钢针击穿玻璃的弹道极限速度与钢针质量、针头形状、玻璃厚度和撞击角度密切相关，并且随着玻璃厚度和撞击角度的增加而增大，随着钢针质量的增加而减小。当钢针速度达到30 m/s、撞击角度控制在10°以内时，手掷0.35 g绣花钢针可以击穿1.6 mm厚的玻璃；钝头钢针比尖头钢针更容易穿透玻璃，且钝头钢针撞击玻璃时，玻璃以剪切和拉伸破坏为主。Abstract: In order to verify the probability of hand-thrown needles penetrating a glass plate, the damage features and the ballistic limit velocity were studied using both one-stage gas gun experiments and AUTODYN simulations on the glass plate impacted by common steel needles at velocities of tens of meters per second.Our results show that the damage of the glass plate concentrates in a small region around the impact point, and a cone-shaped hole is formed on the back side of the glass plate.The ballistic limit velocities are determined by the mass and the nose shape of the needles, the thickness of the glass plate, and the impact angle.Furthermore, when the velocity of the needle reaches 30 m/s and the impact angle is less than 10°, the steel needle with a mass of 0.35 g may penetrate a 1.6 mm thick glass plate.Compared with ogive-nosed steel needles, flat-nosed needles penetrate the glass plate more easily, and the damage of the glass primarily results from shear and tensile stresses.The ballistic limit velocity increases with the increases of the glass thickness and the impact angle and decreases with the increase of the needle mass.
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Key words:
- steel needle /
- glass /
- low-velocity penetration /
- ballistic limit velocity
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图 3 高速摄像机拍摄的钝头钢针击穿玻璃图像(v0=75 m/s)
Figure 3. Photos of a flat-nose steel needle penetrating through the glass taken by a high speed camera (v0=75 m/s)
图 7 钝头钢针击穿玻璃的仿真结果(v0=50 m/s)
Figure 7. Simulation results of a flat-nose steel needle penetrating through the glass (v0=50 m/s)
图 9 钝头钢针击穿玻璃的仿真结果(v0=30 m/s)
Figure 9. 9 Simulation results of a flat-nose steel needle penetrating through the glass (v0=30 m/s)
图 10 弹道极限速度随玻璃厚度变化的规律(钝头钢针，m=0.37 g, α=0°)
Figure 10. Ballistic limit velocity vs.the thickness of glass(Flat-nose needle, m=0.37 g, α=0°)
图 11 弹道极限速度随钢针质量变化的规律(钝头钢针，h=1.6 mm, α=0°)
Figure 11. Ballistic limit velocity vs.the mass of steelneedle (Flat-nose needle, h=1.6 mm, α=0°)
图 13 圆台钝头钢针和卵形尖头钢针与玻璃的撞击作用(h=1.6 mm, α=0°)
Figure 13. Penetration of flat-nose and ogive-nose needles into glass (h=1.6 mm, α=0°)
图 14 弹道极限速度随撞击角度变化的规律(钝头钢针, m=0.37 g, h=1.6 mm)
Figure 14. Ballistic limit velocity vs.impact angle(Flat-nose needle, m=0.37 g, h=1.6 mm)
表 1 实验结果
Table 1. Experimental results
Nose shape v0/(m/s) α/(°) Perforation or not Flat 18 8 No 30 6 No 30 13 No 33 1 Yes 36 2 Yes 40 0 Yes 43 0 Yes 45 14 Yes 48 4 Yes 50 0 Yes 50 11 No 60 12 Yes Ogive 17 0 No 29 0 No 45 2 No 50 0 No 50 18 No 55 15 No 70 15 Yes 75 0 Yes Note: The mass and diameter of steel needles are about 0.35 g and 0.96 mm respectively, and the thickness of glass is 1.6 mm. 
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