Dynamic Responses of Aluminum Foam Sandwich Shells under Repeated Impact Loadings
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摘要: 通过数值模拟研究了泡沫铝夹芯壳在重复冲击载荷作用下的变形和能量耗散机理，分析了曲率半径、前后面板厚度分配、芯层厚度和冲击能量梯度对结构抗重复冲击性能和能量吸收能力的影响规律。结果表明：在重复冲击载荷作用下，泡沫铝夹芯壳结构的变形不断累积，前面板局部弯曲变形，芯层局部压缩，后面板整体弯曲变形。随着冲击次数的增加，冲击力峰值逐渐增大，冲击持续时间缩短，结构能量吸收能力降低，整体抗弯刚度增大。每次冲击能量相同时，泡沫铝夹芯壳结构曲率越大，能量吸收能力越强，同时前、后面板5次重复冲击后的中点挠度大于曲率较小的夹芯壳结构。5次重复冲击载荷作用下，前面板厚度较大且后面板厚度较小时，结构的比吸能较低，但后面板中点挠度较小。泡沫铝芯层厚度越大，结构的后面板挠度越小，但总比吸能降低。3种不同梯度的冲击能量作用下，递增能量工况下结构的吸能最多，前、后面板的挠度较大，递减能量工况下结构的吸能最少，前、后面板的挠度较小。Abstract: The deformation and energy dissipation mechanism of the aluminum foam sandwich shell under repeated impact loads were investigated by numerical simulation. The effects of radius of curvature, thicknesses distribution of the front/back face sheets, core thickness and impact energy gradient on the repeated impact resistance and energy absorption capacity of the structure were analyzed. It is shown that the deformation of the aluminum foam sandwich shell structure accumulates under repeated impact loads, with local bending deformation of the front face sheet, local compression of the foam core, and global bending deformation of the back face sheet. As impact times increases, the peak impact force and integrated bending stiffness increase, and the impact duration and energy absorption capacity decrease. When each impact energy is the same, for aluminum foam sandwich shell structure, the larger the curvature, the higher the energy absorption capacity, while the midpoint deflections of the front and back face sheets after five repeated impacts are larger than that of the shell structure with smaller curvature. Under five repeated impact loads, when the thickness of the front face is large and the back face is small, the specific energy absorption of the structure is lower, but the midpoint deflection of the back face is smaller. The larger the thickness of the aluminum foam core, the smaller the deflection of the back face of the structure, but the total specific energy absorption is reduced. Under the impact energy with three different gradients, the energy absorption of the structure is the highest when the impact energy is increased successively, and the deflections of the front and back faces are larger, while the energy absorption of the structure is the lowest, and the deflection of the front and back faces is smaller when the impact energy is decreased successively.
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Key words:
- aluminum foam sandwich shell /
- repeated impact /
- dynamic response /
- energy absorption
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图 2 泡沫铝夹芯壳的1/4有限元模型
Figure 2. Finite element model of 1/4 aluminum foam sandwich shell
图 5 R100夹芯壳在重复冲击下的变形模式
Figure 5. Deformation of R100 sandwich shell under repeated impact
图 6 R100夹芯壳前、后面板中点挠度时程曲线
Figure 6. Midpoint deflection-time curves of front and back face sheet of R100 sandwich shell
图 7 R100夹芯壳重复冲击能量时程曲线
Figure 7. Energy-time curves of R100 sandwich shell under repeated impact
图 9 R100夹芯壳的冲击力-位移曲线
Figure 9. Impact force-displacement curves of R100 sandwich shell under repeated impact
图 10 3种曲率夹芯壳在18 J能量重复冲击下的中点挠度
Figure 10. Midpoint deflection of three sandwich shells with different curvatures under repeated impact of 18 J energy
图 11 3种曲率夹芯壳在18 J能量重复冲击下的比吸能
Figure 11. Specific energy absorption of three sandwich shells with different curvatures under repeated impact of 18 J energy
图 12 3种面板厚度R50夹芯壳在18 J能量重复冲击下的中点挠度
Figure 12. Midpoint deflection of three R50 sandwich shells with different panel thicknesses under repeated impact of 18 J energy
图 13 3种面板厚度R50夹芯壳在18 J能量重复冲击下的比吸能
Figure 13. Specific energy absorption of R50 sandwich shells with three panel thicknesses under repeated impact of 18 J energy
图 14 3种芯层厚度R50夹芯壳在18 J能量重复冲击下的中点挠度
Figure 14. Midpoint deflection of three R50 sandwich shells with different core thickness under repeated impact of 18 J energy
图 15 3种芯层厚度R50夹芯壳在18 J能量重复冲击下的比吸能
Figure 15. Specific energy absorption of R50 sandwich shells with three core thickness under repeated impact of 18 J energy
图 16 R50夹芯壳在3种能量梯度重复冲击下的中点挠度
Figure 16. Midpoint deflection of R50 sandwich shell under repeated impact of three energy gradients
图 17 R50夹芯壳在3种能量梯度重复冲击下的比吸能
Figure 17. Specific energy absorption of R50 sandwich shell under repeated impact of three energy gradients
表 1 面板的材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of face sheet
Material Density/(kg·m−3) Young modulus/GPa Yield stress/MPa Poisson’s ratio Mild steel 7800 210 182 0.3 
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表 2 泡沫铝芯层的材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters of aluminum foam core
Material Relative density/
%Young’s modulus/
GPaPlateau stress/
MPaElastic Poisson’s
ratioPlastic Poisson’s
ratioPlastic stress
ratioAluminum foam 18.5 0.8 10 0.2 0 1.73
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表 3 夹芯壳模型的几何参数
Table 3. Geometric parameters of sandwich shell model
Specimen R/mm α/(°) L/mm S/mm m/g R50 50 104 100 102.5 258.6 R100 100 54 100 100.4 268.5 R200 200 28 100 100.9 278.4
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表 4 不同前、后面板厚度夹芯壳的几何参数
Table 4. Geometric parameters of different thickness of front and back face of sandwich shell
Specimen h1/mm h2/mm C/mm m/g H1 1.0 2.0 10 250.8 H2 1.5 1.5 10 258.6 H3 2.0 1.0 10 266.4
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表 5 不同芯层厚度夹芯壳的几何参数
Table 5. Geometric parameters of sandwich shells with different core thicknesses
Specimen h1/mm h2/mm hc/mm m/g C10 1.5 1.5 10 258.6 C15 1.5 1.5 15 281.2 C20 1.5 1.5 20 304.0
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表 6 5次冲击的能量配置工况
Table 6. Energy arrangement of five impacts
Case Impact energy/J 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th E1 12 15 18 21 24 E2 18 18 18 18 18 E3 24 21 18 15 12
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