Effect of Aensitization Methods on Detonation Performance of Emulsion Explosive in Simulated Plateau Environment
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摘要: 为研究高原环境对不同敏化方式乳化炸药的影响程度，选取3种典型的敏化材料制备乳化炸药样品，模拟并对比分析了高原环境（−20 ℃、约0.05 MPa）储存后乳化炸药的微观结构和爆轰性能变化。结果表明：低温低压下的高原环境主要从加剧破坏乳化体系稳定性与热点分布两方面影响炸药的性能，在该环境下化学敏化炸药相较于物理敏化炸药的析晶程度较低，但热点变化较大，导致爆轰性能下降；物理敏化中，膨胀珍珠岩炸药晶体的生长方式更加复杂，因此更易破乳析晶，储存稳定性与爆轰性能均有明显降低；相对而言，树脂微球炸药在低温低压下的析晶程度与爆轰性能均较稳定。综合上述结果，树脂微球乳化炸药具有更好的高原适应性。Abstract: In order to study the influence of plateau environment on emulsion explosive sensitized by different methods, three typical sensitization materials were selected to prepare emulsion explosive samples. The changes in microstructure and detonation performance of samples stored in simulated plateau environment (−20 ℃, about 0.05 MPa) were analyzed. The results showed that the low temperature and low pressure of plateau environment mainly affects the performance of explosives from the aspects of aggravating the stability of emulsion system and the distribution of hot spots. In the plateau environment, the crystallization degree of chemically sensitized explosives is lower than that of physically sensitized explosives but the hot spots change greatly, leading to a decrease in detonation performance. In the physical sensitization, the growth mode of expanded perlite explosive crystal is more complex, so it is easier to demulsify and crystallize, and the storage stability and detonation performance are significantly reduced. The degree of crystallization and detonation performance of resin microsphere explosive are relatively stable under low temperature and low pressure. In general, resin microspheres emulsion explosive has better adaptability to plateau.
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图 2 各组乳化炸药样品的显微图像
Figure 2. Microscopic images of emulsion explosive samples in each group
图 3 各组乳化炸药溶失率随高原储存天数的变化
Figure 3. Plot of dissolution rate of emulsified explosives in each group as a function of storage days in plateau
图 4 各组乳化炸药样品的爆速
Figure 4. Detonation velocity of emulsion explosive samples in each group
图 5 各组乳化炸药的冲击波超压时程曲线
Figure 5. Shock wave overpressure-time history curves of emulsion explosives in each group
表 1 乳化基质配方
Table 1. Emulsified matrix formulation
Ingredients Proportion/% AN 74 SN 9 H2O 11 Compound wax 4 Emulsifier 2 
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表 2 各组乳化炸药的冲击波超压和冲量
Table 2. Shock wave overpressure and impluse of emulsion explosives in each group
Sample Peak overpressure/kPa Impulse/(Pa·s) 1 d 15 d 30 d 1 d 15 d 30 d 1 552.075 371.297 267.523 44.225 40.542 37.290 2 645.803 533.071 473.644 68.210 63.333 56.095 3 332.724 268.145 186.258 37.161 32.265 28.189
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