Cu/PMMA复合材料的声速与冲击响应行为

罗国强; 黄志宏; 张睿智; 孙一; 张建; 沈强

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20200599

Cu/PMMA复合材料的声速与冲击响应行为

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200599

武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室，湖北武汉　430070

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目（51932006）；湖北省技术创新专项重大项目（2019AFA176）

详细信息

作者简介:
罗国强（1980－），男，博士，教授，主要从事先进复合材料研究. E-mail：luogq@whut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
沈　强（1970－），男，博士，教授，主要从事功能复合材料研究. E-mail：sqqf@263.net

中图分类号: O521.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-31
- 修回日期: 2020-08-07
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-25

Sound Velocity and Shock Response Behavior of Cu/PMMA Composites

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 基于熔融共混法，制备了一系列不同配比且随机分散的Cu/PMMA复合材料，重点研究了Cu颗粒含量对PMMA基体声速与冲击压缩行为的影响。超声测试结果表明，随着Cu颗粒含量的增加，声波的衰减使材料的横、纵波声速皆呈缓慢下降趋势，由此使体积声速亦呈减小趋势。基于平板撞击实验，获得了冲击压力在1.1～6.0 GPa范围内各复合材料的冲击波速度-粒子速度方程。Cu/PMMA复合材料声阻抗的升高使Hugoniot参数λ逐渐增大，而零压体积声速减小，与常压体积声速所表现出的变化趋势一致。结合已有的压力-粒子速度关系模型，对各材料的压力-粒子速度曲线进行了讨论。在此基础上，归纳出一种基于上述模型的用于预测金属粒子填充聚合物基复合材料压力-密度关系的可靠方法。
- 冲击压缩 /
- 声速 /
- 冲击波速度-粒子速度方程 /
- 压力-密度关系
Abstract: In our work, a series of Cu/PMMA composites with different components were prepared using the melting blending method, in which particles are randomly dispersed in PMMA matrix without agglomeration. Then again study was conducted on the Cu particles content’s influence on the sound velocity and impact compression behavior of PMMA matrix. The ultrasonic test results show that with Cu particles content increasing, the sound wave attenuation makes a slow decreasing tendency of transversal and longitudinal sound velocities in material, which in turn decreases its bulk sound velocity. Based on the plate impact test, the shock wave velocity-particle velocity (D-u) equations of Cu/PMMA composites in the impact pressure range of 1.1–6.0 GPa were obtained. Owing to the increase of the acoustic impedance of Cu/PMMA composites, Hugoniot parameter shows an increase while the fitted zero-pressure sound velocity tends to decrease, which turns to be consistent with the variation of bulk sound velocity at atmospheric pressure. In addition, pressure-particle velocity (p-u) curves of the composites were discussed on the basis of the p-u model. And a reliable method was proposed to predict pressure-density (p-$\;\rho $) relationship of polymer matrix composites filled with metal particles.
- shock compression /
- sound velocity /
- shock wave velocity-particle velocity equation /
- pressure-density relations

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图 1 原料Cu粉的粒径分布

Figure 1. Particle size distribution of Cu powder

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图 2 Cu/PMMA体系复合材料的制备流程（a）和40%Cu/PMMA实物（b）

Figure 2. Preparation of Cu/PMMA composites (a) and picture of actural 40%Cu/PMMA (b)

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图 3 超声测试示意图

Figure 3. Schematic illustration of ultrasonic testing

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图 4 正向碰撞实验原理示意图

Figure 4. Schematic of the principle for plate impact experiment

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图 5 Cu/PMMA复合材料的断口形貌

Figure 5. Fracture morphology of Cu/PMMA composites

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图 6 Cu/PMMA复合材料的密度

Figure 6. Density of Cu/PMMA composites

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图 7 声速随Cu颗粒含量增加的变化趋势

Figure 7. Trend of sound velocity with the increase of Cu particle content

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图 8 声波在Cu/PMMA复合材料中的传播

Figure 8. Sound wave propagated in Cu/PMMA composites

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图 9 体积声速和波阻抗随Cu颗粒含量的变化

Figure 9. Bulk sound velocity and wave impedance varying with Cu particle content

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图 10 Cu/PMMA复合材料的冲击波速度-粒子速度曲线

Figure 10. Shock wave velocity-particle velocity curve of Cu/PMMA composites

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图 11 常压体积声速c与零压体积声速c₀的对比

Figure 11. Comparison of atmospheric bulk sound speed c and zero-pressure bulk sound speed c₀

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图 12 冲击波在颗粒填充复合材料中的传播

Figure 12. Shock wave propagated in particle-filled composites

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图 13 Cu/PMMA复合材料基于Li模型的压力

Figure 13. Pressure of Cu/PMMA composites based on Li model

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图 14 Cu/PMMA复合材料的p-$\;\rho $关系曲线及其测量值

Figure 14. p-$\;\rho $ curves of Cu/PMMA composite material and its measured value

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图 15 基于复合材料组成所获得的p-$\;\rho $预测曲线

Figure 15. Predicted p-$\;\rho $ curves obtained by composite material composition

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表 1 Cu/PMMA复合材料的弹性力学参数

Table 1. Elastic mechanical parameters of Cu/PMMA composites

w_Cu/%	K/GPa	G/GPa	E/GPa
10	5.66	2.33	6.17
25	5.80	2.43	6.40
40	6.24	2.71	7.09
60	7.03	3.19	8.32

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表 2 Cu/PMMA复合材料的击靶参数

Table 2. Target parameters of Cu/PMMA composites

w_Cu/%	W/(m·s⁻¹)	d/mm	D/(km·s⁻¹)	u/(km·s⁻¹)
10	328	1.814	2.988	0.296
	462	1.802	3.046	0.416
	621	1.814	3.161	0.558
	902	1.803	3.725	0.797
40	313	1.754	2.662	0.276
	462	1.742	2.702	0.407
	625	1.751	2.891	0.546
	901	1.742	3.380	0.773
60	307	1.913	2.437	0.264
	446	1.893	2.553	0.381
	640	1.891	2.836	0.539
	897	1.918	3.252	0.741

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表 3 Cu/PMMA复合材料的Li模型参数

Table 3. Impact parameters corresponding to Li model for Cu/PMMA composites

w_Cu/%	W/(m·s⁻¹)	p₁/GPa	p₂/GPa	p/GPa
10	328	1.05	7.89	1.14
	462	1.51	11.31	1.64
	621	2.10	15.74	2.28
	902	3.53	26.49	3.81
40	313	0.87	6.56	1.33
	462	1.31	9.81	1.99
	625	1.88	14.09	2.86
	901	3.11	23.32	4.73
60	307	0.77	5.74	1.59
	446	1.16	8.68	2.40
	640	1.82	13.64	3.77
	897	2.87	21.50	5.94

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